汉译英翻译16篇

汉译英翻译16篇

汉译英翻译(1)

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汉译英翻译技巧

一、分清主从 (Subordination)

汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。

1、 没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。

Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production

proceed.

2、 他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。

The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-

hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.

3、 有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事?

Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can

that be true?

4、 但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。

But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is

bright.

二、 选词用字 （Diction）

在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。

1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？

Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?

2、树雄心，立壮志，向科学技术现代化进军。

Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution

of modernization of science and technology.

3、 我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，

天下大治的局面。

For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment

of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.

4、论技术，她那时还不如我，但思想却比我高得多。

Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was

head and shoulders above me.

三、增益 （Ampification）

汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。

1、交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。

Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again

and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can

you do your work well.

（英语行文时人称代词，物主代词用得较多）

2、她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。

Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every

minute. (增益为了意译)

3、他们一听说有新任务，就坐不往了。

When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)

4、会用就了不得,不会用就一文不值.

It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is not

worth a single penny. (增加连词与代词)

三、 省略法.(Omission)

汉语不怕重复,英语中有相同的词语常可省略,行文较简练。汉语中出于行文需要而没有实意的一些词语在英译时也要省略。

1、我们要培养分析问题，解决问题的能力。

We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.

（只用一个problems）

2、我已提前完成了任务，他也提前完成了。

I’ve fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.

3、中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。

The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into

things, to make inventions and to make revolution.

（只用一个courageous enough ）

4、质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。

A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a

neutron has neither.

五、转换 （Conversion）

汉语中的某些词类在英译时常常要根据英语的句式转换成英语的另一类词，更符合英语的惯用法。不仅如此，有时整个句式也要转换。

1、一定要少说空话，多做工作。

There must be less empty talk and more hard work.

(汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词)

2、警察把那个孩子的胳臂抓得更紧了，叫嚷道：“学规矩点!”

Tightening his hold on the boy’s arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分转换成分词结构)

３、口试时问了她十个问题,她一一答对了。

She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.

（主动式转换为被动式句型）

４、语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

(句式不同但意思完全相同)

六、词序调整。（Inversion）

每种语言都有自己的自然语序，翻译时要注意入乡随俗。特别要注意英译时强调句式的词序。

1、 这个茶会是由伦敦《泰晤士报》的高级记者约翰先生举行的。

The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of The

Times, London.（英译时姓名在前，职务在后）

2、 我们上星期天在她家尽情地吃了一顿。

We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.

(汉语的状语排列：时间―――地点―――方式

英语的排列是： 方式―――地点―――时间）

3、我们从来没有看见过这样光明的前途。

Never have we seen so bright a future before us.

(英语中Never开头的句子词序要倒装)

4、荷花虽好，也要绿叶扶持。

With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.

( With 的特殊用法，表示让步，用在句首)

七、正说反译，反说正译。（Negation）

英汉两种语言都有自己的约定俗成的正反说法，这在英译时要时刻注意到。英语中有些词汇本身就有否定的意思，要善于利用，如 fail, without, beyond, until, unless, instead of 等；

１、我认为他不对。他昨天没有露面。

I don’t think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.

(正说反译，反说正译)

２、证据确凿，毋庸置疑。

The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反说正译)

３、那件事没有减弱我们的决心，反倒增强了我们的决心。

That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.

( or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)

4、 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。

The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that

at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正说反译，反说正译)

八、长句拆译。 （Division）

翻译时随意断句是不足取的，但为了忠实并通顺地转达原意，仔细分析后，在保持原文风格特点的前提下，适当地断句倒显得更自然有力。长句拆译时往往要综合使用学到的种种技巧。

１、我们的一般企业很少注意经济效果，广泛存在着劳动无定员，生产无定额，质量无检查，成本无核算的现象，在人力、物力、财力上造成很多浪费。

Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly practised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.

(因为原长句结尾处是表判断带有总结性的分句，所以在这里断句译较好)

２、人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。

The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.

(原句中包含着从一般到细节的过渡，断句分译才使译文更有条理)

３、一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。

Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.

We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.

长句拆译方面对初学者来说有些偏深，故不多举例了。作为有心人认真探索是大有好处的。

以上我们探讨了如何在汉译英时把“英译汉”的翻译技巧加以利用,以求得英语行文正确与合理.现在我们要从另一个角度来分析汉译英.也就是从语法上着手，纵横结合。通过这样学习，对提高实际运用英语的能力有极其重要的作用。因为汉语的句子我们可以一目十行，怎么样地道地用英语表达才是我们“翻译法”的终极目标.

一、汉语中无词形变化，但仔细分析一下，我们都能明确其中各词属于什么词性。英语中词形变化很重要，名词有单复数变化，冠词有定冠词和不定冠词，形容词、副词有比较级和最高级的变化，动词有时态、语态、语气的变化以及各种非谓语动词的不同用法。这要求我们在汉译英时应该看好英语的词法与句法的统一。

１、年轻人宜彬彬有礼。

Modesty becomes a young man.

（注意动词的变化与冠词的用法）

２、鸟鸣山更幽。

It seems to be more lonesome in the mountains when birds are singing.

（形容词比较级，名词复数，动词进行时）

３、从各方面来考虑，他的命运是幸福的。

Taking all things into consideration, his lot is a happy one.

(分词的独立主格用法，冠词的正确使用)

４、使事情更糟的，天又下起雨来了。

To make the matter worse, it began to rain.

（不定式作独立主格）

二、汉语中存在着无主句（没有主语的句子）。英语中除祈使句之外，一般都必须有主语。所以在汉译英时，应经常推敲要选那一个词来当主语，一般可加上I, we, you, they等（常泛指人们）作主语以及加上相应的物主代词。有时也采用被动语态来翻译。

１、拾煤渣也要放聪明点儿，常常换换地方。为的不受那些野男孩子的欺负。

Even when scrounging for cinder you had to have your wits about you and shift from place to place to avoid those mischievous boys who banded together to collect cinders, too.

(用you作主语，再加上相关的代词your.)

2、真是一个钱撕成八瓣用，心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。

Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my minds for ways to improve our difficult conditions.

（翻译时用I 作主语并增加相关的物主代词）

３、对革命高潮的客观条件与主观力量区分不清楚，不知道主观的群众运动对促成革命高潮到来的作用。

No clear distinction was made between the objective condition and the subjective strength involved in a revolutionary upsurge. We did not understand the importance of the mass movement, the subjective element, in helping to bring about a revolutionary upsurge.

（汉语中属无主句，英译时增添主语we）

3、 村里办了小学，开设了粮站和卫生所。

A primary school, a grain station and a clinic have been set up in the village.

（汉译英时使用被动语态）

三、汉语中词与词之间，短语与短语之间，分句与分句之间很少用连词。而在这种场合下英语一定要使用连词，表示各成份之间的关系。汉语的特点是“意合”,这种简洁性曾被著名的美国语言学家爱德华.萨皮尔描绘为是一种有着“合理的逻 辑性”的语言。英语行文重在“形合”.所以在该使用连词and 时决不可漏掉。其它各种从属连词的使用也很重要。

１、我们是革命战争的领导者，组织者，我们又是群众生活的领导者，组织者。

We are the leaders and organizers of the revolutionary wars as well as the leaders and organizers of the life of the masses.(连词 and, as well as 在这里一定要用)

２、小伙子走了.夕阳下,她躺在草地上等着。

The young man left, and she lay waiting on the grass in the evening sun.

(这里连词and 起了合句的作用,合句与断句相对,也是一种重要的翻译技巧.)

３、海洋覆盖了地球表面的７１%,是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分,也是资源的宝库,环境的重要调节器.

The ocean, which covers 71% of the earth’s surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.

(主语后面有三个并列的谓语:覆盖了…,是…,也是… .但仔细分析可看出,“覆盖了地球表面的７１％”说明了一个人们已知的客观事实，句子的重点在后面。因此译文用了一个定语从句来处理前面的分句，而用谓语集中处理后半句的内容。)

４、中国在自己发展的长河中，形成了优良的历史文化传统。这些传统，随着时代变迁和社会进步获得扬弃和发展。

In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or sublated with the changes of the times and social progress.

（原文是两句话，第一句在句末提出“历史文化传统”，第二句接着加以发挥。两句话虽在内容上紧密相连，但在形式上都是两个并列的句子，互相没有从属关系。汉语行文“意合”,我们就应该用英语的“形合”表示出来,所以使用了从属连词which 把两句连在一起,变成一个主从复合句.

四、意译法的正确使用。

翻译过程本身充满矛盾，笔者认为主要矛盾在于意合与形合之争。根据我们现在学习的目的来看，我更偏重于意合，说穿了就是意译。因为同一句汉语可用多种英语句型表达，反之亦然。一般情况下，意思说对了就行了，那在什么情况下用意译较好呢？

（一），如果照原句的字眼直接译成英语，你又不熟悉对应词的相关的用法，就容易引起误会，这时应使用意译法，以确切传达原意为准。

1、村里的居民，全不在他眼睛里。

He looked down upon all the inhabitants of the village.

2、谁料这小子竟谋了他的饭碗去。

Who could have thought that this low fellow would steal his living from him.

3、他惹了一肚子的气，回来气的一整夜也没睡着。

Being absolutely enraged, he was much too angry to sleep that night.

4、他说“如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛。”

“There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after over neighbor’s baffalo.”

（二）、按原文正面译出，译文语言不好处理时，可以采用反面着笔的意译法，也就是我们所谈到的“正说反译,反说正译”的技巧。

1、那赵家的狗，何以看我两眼呢？我怕的有理。

Why should the Zhao’s dog give me two glances of the eye? My fear is not

a groundless one.

2、那小女孩接受了礼物，爱玩不忍释手。

The little girl accepted the gift, liking it so much that she could scarcely take his eyes off it.

3、忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我国建设中遇到的重大问题。

Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.

4、过街愈当心愈好。 礼貌是值得尽量尊重的。

You cannot be too careful in crossing the street.

Good manners cannot be too much valued.

（三）、用意译法比字面直译更能确切反映原意时。（汉语成语，俗语，诗歌翻译等）

1、山不在高，有仙则名。

Any mountains can be famous with the presence of an immortal.

2、 a)，引人瞩目 b)，温厚儒雅 c)，抡滩上海 d)，大展鸿图

a), attractive b), pacific c),swarm in Shanghai

d), very well realize one’s ambition

3、三个和尚无水吃。

Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.

4、前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下。

Before me, unseen are the ancients,

Behind me, unseen those to come,

Thinking of this infinite universe

Alone, in my sorrow, I shed tears.

（四）、有时为了适应某种文字体裁的要求，译文只译出原作的大意。（如图片说明词，展览会上的实物介绍等）

1、 区中心大道

Plant Central Avenue

2、“跃马擒敌”

Hunting Down the Enemy

3、湄洲岛位于台湾海峡通道里,是莆田市湄洲湾上的一个小岛,面积１４平方公里,人口３.５万多,因供奉妈祖的“湄洲祖庙”闻名世界。

Located in the Taiwan Straits, Meizhou Island is a small island with a total area of 14 square kilometers and a population of 35thousand. It is well-known home and abroad for the first Mazu Temple.

4、二百公里航道上，遍布着无数险滩。险滩上，江流汹涌，回旋激荡，水击礁石，浪花飞溅，声如雷鸣。

Numerous shoals scattered over the 200kms course give rise to many eddies.

Pounding on the midstream rocks, the river roars thunderously.

掌握一些常用的英汉，汉英对译的翻译技巧可以激发高中学生英语学习的兴趣。因为学了就会用，一劳永逸，简直是文字游戏。我们视之为学习英语过程中的一种有用的思维工具，不应该把它定位于教学法。毋宁说这是一种学习法，或“应付考试法”更确切。在解答数学题时，我们曾用过归纳法、演绎法、归谬法等，为什么我们在解答英语习题时不可用翻译法呢？下面有４０道汉译英练习。第一部分着重某一种技巧的运用，第二部分要运用二种以上的技巧。参考答案与提示并不是唯一的。你可以自己创新，写出更美、更富有表现力的句子。愿同学们青出于蓝胜于蓝。

（一）

1、我们不是为食而生，乃是为生而食。（增益，加连词）

2、良药苦口利于病。（选词用字）

3、那大学的入学试题很难，我不知能否考取。（分清主从）

4、似乎有稍加说明的必要。（增益，加主语）

5、做人不可醉生梦死。（找主语意译）

6、中国古话说，女子无才便是德。（正说反译，反说正译）

7、公平地说一句，他一直是一个好丈夫，也是一个好父亲。（不定式用法）

8、我觉得那问题很难解决。（词序调整）

9、我们的身体和衣服都要保持清洁，以免生病。（转换并句）

10、我国向来尊重学问。（无主句，用被动语态）

11、太阳落山了，我们回家去。（分词独立结构）

12、请代我谢谢他的礼物。（选词用字句

13、言归正传，他们当天便结婚了。（不定式用法）

14、贪爱钱财是万恶之源。（转换词类）

15、他赚了一大笔钱，他母亲高兴极了。（并句）

16、他易于满足。（选词用字）

17、知人知面不知心。（无主句，加主语）

18、人谁无过。（增益，加介词）

19、不自由毋宁死。（反说正译）

20、几家欢乐几家愁。（增益，加连词）

21、他硬不肯听，要我怎样去说服他。（并句）

22、人生不满百，常怀千岁忧。（选词用字）

23、如果合算的话，我就接受那个工作。（选词用字）

24、各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。（选词用字）

25、打得赢就打，打不赢就走。（增益）

26、凭舟极目望去，远处是黛色青山和五彩斑斓的田野。（增益）

27、前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。（省略）

28、获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。（转换）

29、这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。（省略）

30、使我们失望的是他不顾大局。（反说正译）

II

1、小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。（分清主从，词序调整）

2、天下大乱达到天下大治。（选词用字，转换）

3、不学会技术，长期当外行，管理也搞不好。（分清主从，增益）

4、雷锋的形象，教育我们，鼓舞我们。（增益，省略）

5、在党的领导下，依靠广大人民群众的力量，是我们战胜一切困难的根本保证。

（转换，找出合适的主语）

6、一九四二年十一月，德国法西斯军队在斯大林格勒附近大败。（词序调整，被

动语态）

7、这充分表明我们党兴旺发达，后继有人。（正说反译，反说正译）

8、不辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的希望。（反说正译，词序调整）

9、对于这些人，并不发生刺激与否的问题，刺激也是那样，不刺激也是那样，因为他们是反动派。（长句拆译，分清主从）

10、人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。（长句拆译，增益，转换）

参考译文：

1、 We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live.

2、 Good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for a disease.

3、 As the examination questions of that university are very difficult,

I doubt if (It is uncertain that) I shall pass the entrance examination.

4、A few words of explanation appear necessary.

5、One must not sleep or dream one’s life away.

6、 An old Chinese proverb says that too much learning does not become a woman.

7、To do him justice, he has always been a good husband and a good father.

8、 I found it difficult to solve that problem.

9、 We should keep our bodies and clothes clean not to be attacked by illness.

10、 Learning has always been held in high esteem in our country.

11、 The sun having set, we went home.

12、 Return him my best thanks for the present.

13、 To return to the subject, they got married the very day.

14、 The love of money is the root of all evil.

15、 To the joy of his mother, he won a lot of money.

16、He is content with very little.

17、 We know men’s faces, not their minds.

18、Among men who is faultless?

19、Give me liberty or give me death.

20、 Some families are making merry while others are suffering from poverty.

21、 How can I convince him when he will not listen?

22、 A man does not live a hundred years, yet he worries enough for a thousand.

23、 I will undertake the work, if it pays.

24、 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.

25、 Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.

26、 Leaning against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeous fields in the far distance.

27、 “fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.

28、 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.

29、 These new cars were fast, efficient and handy.

30、 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.

II

1、 The people of a small country can defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their hands the destiny of their own country.

2、 Great disorder across the land leads to great order.

3、 If they don’t learn any technical skills and remain outsiders for a long time, they don’t be able to do management well either.

4、 The brilliant image of Lei Feng educates and inspires us.

5、 Leadership by the Party and reliance on the strength of the masses are the fundamental guarantees for overcoming all difficulties.

6、 The German fascist army was badly defeated at Stalingrad in November 1942.

7、 This fully shows that our Party is flourishing and has no lack of successors.

8、 Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.

9、 With regard to such reactionaries, the questions of irritating does not arise. Irritated or not, they will remain the same because they are reactionaries.

10、 The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.

“深入浅出”这个成语原意是指把深奥的内容用浅显的言语表达出来，英语可译为：“explain the profound in simple terms”。翻译法学英语也可算是深入浅出。但应作别解。学习翻译法不太容易，所以要深入；但学会了之后，就很好用了，可以“浅出”。因此也具有深入浅出的含义。有点“踏破铁鞋无处觅,得来全不费工夫”的意境了.下面四篇汉语短文,与英语书面表达所要求的程度相近。动手试译一下，你一定会感到太好译了，简直是小菜一碟。恭喜你成功了！

一

大家请注意，有事要通知。十二月８日星期五下午２点在学校演讲厅有个讲座。主讲人是《人民日报》的张力先生，他准备演讲的内容是中美关系。要求大家都要出席。请认真听讲并做好笔记。如有问题要问，请写在纸条上然后传给讲演人。讲座结束后，我们要在班上讨论。

不要迟到。就这些了。谢谢大家。

二

亲爱的编辑同志：

我的家乡以前是个美丽的地方。到处都可见到浓密的树木和绿色的草地。人们为了建造房屋、垦荒多种庄稼，越来越多的树木砍倒了。几乎整座森林随着岁月的流逝而遭毁灭。逐渐形成了这种情况，青山变成荒地，河流干涸。结果沙尘暴时时侵袭我们的家园，我们深受其害。所以我多么希望全民应该体会到没有保护环境而产生的可怕的后果。还有，我们应该保护那座森林并多植树，不要只是为了改善生活而乱砍伐。

三

随着迈进电脑时代，我们感到生活上与电脑息息相关。有成千上万种电脑学习软件及电脑游戏，新花样层出不穷。

然而，不同的人们对电脑的利用大相径庭。我校很多学生借助电脑课程，学习上已突飞猛进。同样的时间里，有些学生玩起电脑游戏来依依不舍，这使他们学习上远远地落后于同班同学。甚至有些同学成了流生。

据我看来，我们应该充分合理地利用电脑。电脑能扩大我们的知识面，拓宽我们的胸怀。我们不应当埋头于电脑游戏中毁灭自己。

四

多亏希望工程的实施，一所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。

以前这学校叫做李家庄小学。由于家庭困难交不起学费，大部分学生辍学了。那座仅有的危房要用来做教室。所有的教师们共住一间。操场上除了空地什么也没有。

现在情况可不同了。辍学儿童都回校继续学习。一座双层的教学楼直立在校园内。有音乐室、美术室、还有教学用的电脑室。学校的体育器材配备精良。

希望工程给李家庄小学带来了极大的利益。出自这种原因，学校改名为“希望小学”。

参考译文： Ｉ，

May I have your attention, please? I have something to tell you. There will be a lecture in the school auditorium at 2:00 pm. December 8,Friday. The lecture will be given by Mr. Zhang Li from the People’s Daily. He is going to speak about the Sino-American relations. Everybody is required to be present. Please listen attentively and take notes. If anybody has a question, please write it down on a slip of paper and pass it to the speaker. After the lecture, we’ll have a discussion in class.

Don’t be late.

That’s all. Thank you!

II,

Dear editor,

In the past my hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills have changed into wasteland and the river has dried. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot. So, I do hope all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment. What’s more, we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.

III,

As we step into the computer age, we find our lives more and more connected with computers. There are thousands of learning software and computer games and new ones are coming each day.

However, different people make different use of computers. In my school, lots of students have made rapid progress in their study with the help of computer-based learning programs. Meanwhile, some students find it hard to pull themselves away from computer games, which makes them fall far behind their classmates in their study. Some even have dropped out of school.

In my opinion, we’d make best use of computers. Computers can broaden our knowledge as well as our minds. We shouldn’t ruin ourselves by burying ourselves into playing computer games.

IV,

Thanks to the Hope project, great changes have taken place in a country school.

This school used to be called Lijiazhuang School. Most of its pupils left school because their families were too poor to pay for their education. The only unsafe schoolhouse had to be used as classrooms. And all the teachers shared one room. The playground was nothing but an open land.

Things are different now. All the children who left school have come to continue their studies. In the schoolyard stands a two-storeyed teaching building. There are rooms for music, art and computer teaching. The school is well equipped with sports goods.

The Project benefits the school a great deal. For this reason, it was renamed Hope School.

翻译技巧

一、对原句进行准确拆分

语法体系不完善的同学应该牢记并不断用真题巩固原句拆分，能够快速、准确定位连词、引导词、介词、分词、单词to和重要意群标点符号以在最短时间内完成长句意群解拆并明确句子主干。理清句子结构层次至关重要：在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。

二、高频率复现词的词义选择

考试试题中，重点词汇和重点词组都有重复出现现象，这使得词汇和常用词组在翻译过程当中得分点更加集中，但相应的是风险更大，如果核心单词掌握出现漏洞，可能出现在一篇文章中同一个知识点反复丢分的现象。考试前熟练把握词缀分析、上下文提示、中文习惯搭配、同近词义替换四大选词原则，并能够在遇到生词时能够多元化思维综合应用上述技巧。在试卷中，大部分的翻译错误都是起因于理解错误，翻译出来的意思与是原文相悖，甚至大相径庭，造成严重的扣分现象，甚至是零分。

三、语句的整体翻译，踩准得分点

翻译中最主要的依然是定语和定语从句，以及定语从句中限语从句和非限制性定语从句的位置处理、分词和介词短语作后置定语的翻译、状语的翻译定位和顺序、名词性从句(主、宾、表)的翻译为重中之重！在阅读部分对于长、难句多加注意并尝试在中文语境内根据翻译技巧理论尝试翻译，并反复修改以锻炼流畅构建中文长难句的能力。被动语态和虚拟语气的翻译是关键得分点。同时，能够正确处理否定结构、并列结构的译文句式选择。

四、对句子进行修饰润色

将直译过来的句子再加工，选用的词汇要准确，句子结构要符合我们的表达习惯。在准确理解英语句子的含义后，用一些修饰性的词汇进行润色。由于语法以及表达方式上的差异，所以在翻译的时候必须做相应的调整和改变，使我们的读者阅读译文时感到自然流畅。

1)忠实

是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整而准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。

例1：He had words with her.

[误]：他和她谈过话了。

[正]：他和她吵架了。

[注释]：have a word with sb.与某人谈话，而have words with sb.与某人吵架。

例2：We shall not want for food.

[误]：我们不想什么食品。

[正]：我们不会缺乏食品。

[注释]：want vt.想要，想得到；want for缺乏。

2)通顺

是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。

例1?Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization.

[原译]：历史上看，城市生活一直是构成文明的方面之列。

[改译]：从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。

例2. Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.

[原译]："天性"论的支持者坚持，我们出生时带有某种学习能力，这种学习能力从生物学上讲已是被确定了的。

[改译]：支持"天性"论的人坚持说，我们生来就具有一定的学习能力，这是由生物因素决定的。

3)忠实与通顺的关系：忠实是通顺的基础，通顺是忠实的保证。不忠实于原文而片面追求译文的通顺，则译文就失去自身的价值，成为无源之水，无本之木，也就不成其译文了。但是，不通顺的译文，使读者感到别扭，也必然影响对原文的准确表达，因而也就谈不上忠实了。可见，忠实与通顺是对立的统一，两者的关系反映了内容与形式的一致性。所以，我们说，忠实是译文质量的基础，而通顺则是译文质量的保证。

在研究生英语入学考试阅卷时，我们发现，有的译文与原文意思相悖，也有的译文文理不通，影响了对原文意思的准确表达。

例1?The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill?informed or incompetent users.

[原译]：这个目标是错误的，因为批评家们转移了视线，把错误归于信息不通或技术不佳的使用者。

[改译]：把标准化考试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自使用者对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

例2?For example, they don't compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favourable circumstances.

[原译]：例如，它们不能弥补整个社会的不平等现象，因此也不能说明如在更合适的情况下，生活条件不利的年轻人怎样才能成长。

[改译]：例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

汉译英翻译(2)

汉译英短文翻译

1.近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字）

难点注释：

1）城市化urbanization

2）加速阶段an accelerating phase

3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems

4）远非?一所能及surpass

5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit

2.世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）

难点注释：

1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS

2）头号罪魁the chief culprit

3）使……丧失deprive of

4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV

3.当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字）

难点注释：

1）传真机fax machines

2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment

3）占主导地位dominate

4. 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字）

难点注释：

1）数码相机digital camera

2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards

3）按快门press the shutter

4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen

5.由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。（113字）

难点注释：

1）流行popularity

2)自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself

3）不无相关have to do with

4）容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable

5）吸收take into

6.多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息：尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。（113字）

难点注释：

1）得到信息get the message

2）尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity

3）自尊self-esteem

4）儿童心理学家child psychologist

5）得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different conclusion

7.会议期间，有3个问题受到了特别重视，它们是：加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人；调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展；努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。（100字）

难点注释：

1）受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention

2）加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen

3）调整和改进readjust and optimize

4）区域性经济regional economies

5）下岗工人laid-off workers

8.当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。（120字）难点注释：

1）人才talented professionals.

2）海外留学生overseas students

3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of

4）引进人才introduce talented people from outside

5）银行、保险业banking，insurance industry

6）国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise

9.我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）

难点注释：

1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth

4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas

10.温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（120字）

难点注释：

1）温哥华Vancouver

2）多民族团体multi-ethnic groups

3）智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people

4）地广人稀a vast，under-populated country

5）不是本地出生的not born locally

11.人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达50万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织；而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。（128字）

难点注释：

1）万亿trillion

2）相互联系，相互依赖interrelated and interdependent

3）影响其余的所有肌体组织handic即all the rest of the organism

4）最终导致end by...，lead to...

l2.不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（115字）

难点注释：

1）直译与意译literal translation and free translation

2）不同程度地to some extent

3）多采用be preferable to（something）

4）文献literatures，documents

5）关键在于the crux lies in

6）以情动人的作品emotional works

7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works

13.从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。（105字）

难点注释：

1）20世纪中叶the mid-20th century

2）奋斗endeavor

3）民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated

4）历史伟业historic cause

14.中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。（123字）

难点注释：

1）经历undergo

2）国家的事业an undertaking of the state

3）体育运动网network for physical culture

4）列人国家预算 include in the state budget

5）可喜的成绩gratifying achievement

15.展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。（127字）

难点注释：

1）极为重要的时期an extremely important period

2）全球化趋势the economic globalization trend

3）周边国家neighboring countries

4）严峻挑战severe challenge

5）跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds

16.森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。（122字）

难点注释：

1）调节气候regulate climate

2）保持水土conserve water and soil

3）防风固沙wall off wind，fix sands

4）消毒杀菌sterilize（purify）the air

5）生态平衡ecological balance

17.许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。（112字）

难点注释：

1）致癌物质cancer-causing substances

2）每立方米per cubic meter

3）含水量moisture content

18.到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。（101字）

难点注释：

1）癌症的发病率cancer rate

2）世界健康组织The World Health Organization

3）无法避免inevitable

19.生物学家发现，每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。（112字）

难点注释：

1）信天翁albatross

2）紧急措施urgent action

3）灭绝extinguish，be wiped out

4）耐力endurance

20.据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。（122字）

难点注释：

1）持续减少continue to decline

2）替代率replacement rate

3）人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline

答案

1 In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.

2 Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.

3 In today"s China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.

4 Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don"t have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.

5 The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.

6 For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.

7 During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers" income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．

8 In today"s world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.

9 China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.

10 Vancouver"s prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.

11 A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.

12 Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.

13 All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.

14 China"s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People"s Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.

15 Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China"s economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.

16 Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man"s health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.

17 Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.

18 Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization"s World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.

19 Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.

20 According to researchers" estimate，Europe"s population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.

汉译英翻译(3)

Unit 1

1. 我们应该学会处理我们生活中遇到的问题。(deal with)

2. 我明白了实现目标意味着勇于面对挑战。(means)

3. 5岁孩童中只有百分之四十能享受学前教育。(have access to)

4. 他说他不愿意以牺牲他的业余时间为代价接受这份工作。(at the cost of)

5. 楼上收音机的声音妨碍了我的工作。(interfere with)

6. 钟每隔20分钟敲响一次，因此现在应该是11点20分。 (at … intervals)

7. 这本书获得了好评，但是从实际销售情况来看，它并不太成功。(in terms of )

8. 很明显，事情的发展让我大失所望。(turn out)

Unit 1

1. We should learn to deal with the problems that we meet in our life.

2. I have understood that realizing the goal means facing challenge bravely.

3. Only 40% of 5-year-old children have access to pre-school education.

4. He said that he would not like to accept this job at the cost of his spare time.

5. The sound of the radio upstairs interfered with my work.

6. The bell rings at 20-minute intervals, which means it is 11:20 now.

7. The book has been well reviewed, but in terms of actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.

8. Obviously, I’m disappointed at the way things have turned out.

Unit 2

1. 在我了解所有的事实之后，我就能给你提出建议了。(be in a position to do)

2. 我们轮流值夜班，这样就不会有人总是夜班了。(rotate, shift)

3. 她又一次第一个想出了增加销售量的新主意。 (come up with, boost)

4. 在父亲的帮助下，她十几岁时就在电影界取得了成功。(make it)

5. 一有人走进屋子，孩子们就开始炫耀起来了。(show off)

6. 即使你与她意见相左，她的话也值得听一听，毕竟她很有经验。(even though)

7. 我们想鼓励学生参与学院的管理工作。(participate in)

8. 他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。 (grant)

Unit 2

1. When I know all the facts, I’ll be in a position to advise you.

2. We rotate the night shift so that no one has to do it all the time.

3. Once again, she became the first to come up with a new idea for boosting sales.

4. With her father’s help, she made it in films when she was still a teenager.

5. The children start showing off as soon as anyone comes into the house.

6. Even though you do not agree with her, she’s worth listening to. After all, she is very experienced.

7. We want to encourage the students to participate fully in the running of the college.

8. He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.

Unit 3

1. 起火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。(flee in panic)

2. 我看见这小男孩溜进厨房，偷了一条面包。(slip, make off with)

3. 最终，这位法官允许布朗夫妇收养这个无家的孤儿。(eventually, adopt)

4. 众所周知，如瑜珈等放松的方法能缓解压力对身体造成的不良反应。(ease, stress)

5. 所有的乘客都从一辆巴士转到另一辆巴士。(transfer)

6. 虽然我们遭受了严重的自然灾害，但我们一定能克服一切困难。(suffer from)

7. 人们担心那些老兵可能熬不过冬天。 (veteran, survive)

8. 当马克想起那起事故时，仍感到恼火。(upset)

Unit 3

9. Office workers fled in panic as the fire broke out.

10. I saw the little boy slip into the kitchen and make off with a loaf of bread.

11. Eventually, the judge permitted the Browns to adopt the homeless orphan.

12. As is known to all, relaxation techniques like yoga can ease the harmful effect of stress on the body.

13. All passengers were transferred out of one bus and into another.

14. Though we suffered from serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.

15. There are concerns that those veterans may not survive the winter.

16. It still upsets Mark when he thinks about the accident.

Unit 4

1. 小偷看见远处的警察转身就逃。(turn on one’s heel)

2. 这是你出的主意，所以要是出什么差错的话，我将惟你是问。 (responsible)

3. 一些人认为，对大多数的男人来说，爱情只不过是他们人生的一个插曲。(episode)

4. 我讨厌他这种逆来顺受的懦弱性格。(turn the other cheek)

5. 艾丽丝太粗鲁无礼了，你该教训她一下了。(put sb. in his / her place)

6. 他在一次宴会上堵住了我，非要和我大谈他那艰难的童年，无聊得我要死。(corner)

7. 当他有这种古怪情绪时，我怎么也不能让他理解我的意思。 (get to sb.)

8. 你怎么能不顾一切反对意见而一意孤行呢？(cling to)

Unit 4

9. The thief turned on his heel and ran when he saw the police in the distance.

10. 2. It was your idea, so if anything goes wrong I shall hold you personally responsible.

11. 3. Some think that for the majority of men, love is but an episode in his life.

12. 4. I hate to see his weak personality that makes him simply turn the other cheek.

13. 5. Alice is too rude; it’s time you put her in her place.

14. 6. He once cornered me at a party and bored me to death about his difficult childhood.

15. 7. When he’s in this strange mood, I just can’t get to him.

16. 8. How could you set aside all the objections and cling to your own course?

Unit 5

1. 缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要难题之一。(challenge)

2. 他还拿不定主意，但我相信我们最终肯定能把他说服。(win over)

3. 他帮助了我，并希望我能为他做点儿事作为报答。(in return)

4. 你或者不让孩子靠近药箱，或者把药箱放在孩子拿不到的地方。(keep away from)

5. 所有的行李都在机场受到检查，以确定其中没有危险物品。(screen)

6. 多年来，这个部门建立了一个知识的宝库。(build up, reservoir)

7. 我想要一杯咖啡，还有一杯水。(as well)

8. 他非常绝望，因而威胁说要结束自己的生命。（so … that, put an end to）

Unit 5

Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.

2. He hasn’t made up his mind, but I’m sure we’ll win him over in the end.

3. He helped me, and in return hoped that I could do something for him.

4. You should either keep your child away from the medicine box, or keep the box away from them.

5. All luggage is screened at the airport to make sure it contains nothing dangerous.

6. The department has built up a reservoir of knowledge for many years.

7. I’d like a cup of coffee, and a glass of water as well.

8. He was so desperate that he threatened to put an end to his life.

Unit 7

1. 在我看来，取得成功的最佳途径是努力工作。(get ahead)

2. 让我们感到失望的是, 我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，不管它们的价值如何。(regardless of)

3. 我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有根据。(base … on)

4. 我跟你说话的时候，你要留心听! 不然你会漏掉一些重要信息。(pay attention)

5. 一些人已经注意到生活方式的任何改变都将影响一个人的健康。(have an effect on)

6. 这两个政党从选举以来就一直彼此冲突。(in conflict with)

7. 护士在照顾病人时，要尽很多责任。(fulfill)

8. 我们不想听你的想法，只讲事实！(stick to)

Unit 7

1. In my opinion, the best way to get ahead is through hard work.

2. To our disappointment, all our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits.

3. I feel he was doing something wrong, but I have got nothing to base it on.

4. Pay attention when I’m talking to you, otherwise you’ll miss some important information.

5. Some people have noticed that any change in lifestyle will have an effect on one’s health.

6. The two parties have been in conflict with each other since the election.

7. A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick.

8. We do not want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts!

Book 1

Unit 1

1. 我已经戒掉睡前吸烟的坏习惯，再也不用听妻子不断地发牢骚了。(give up)

2. 与其他同龄人不同的是，他迷恋京剧。(set apart from; be addicted to)

3. 她对他用情至深，愿意克服任何障碍与他结婚。(so that; obstacle)

4. 只是在考试成绩出来之后，我才意识到必须更加刻苦才能不落后。(only; keep up with)

5. 作为主要谈判人，她在打破双方之间的障碍上创造了奇迹。(miracle)

6. 您无需担心，男士是不允许进入这个房间的。(need; allow sb. to do sth.)

7. 如果要我在上大学还是去工作两者间选择，我会选择前者而非后者。(instead of)

8． 尽管说明书上说“一次吃一片”，他还是一下子吃了三片。(in spite of; at a time)

Book 1

Unit 1

1. Having given up the bad habit of smoking before bedtime, I no longer have to hear my wife complaining all the time.

2. What sets him apart from other people of his age is that he is addicted to Beijing Opera.

3. She is so much in love with him that she’s ready to overcome any obstacle to marry him.

4. Only after the result of the exam came out did I realize I would have to work harder to keep up with the others.

5. As chief negotiator she has performed miracles in breaking down barriers between the two sides.

6. You don’t need to worry. Men are not allowed to get into this room.

7. If I had to make a choice between going to college and finding a job, I would choose the former instead of the latter.

8. In spite of the instruction of taking one pill at a time, he took three all at once.

汉译英翻译(4)

广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.

故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.

《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.

倡导低碳生活，提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么难事，只要人人都树立绿色环保意识，坚持从我做起、从身边小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要让绿色环保理念深入人心。要把绿色环保活动融入工作生活的方方面面，要有针对性地开展低碳生活的知识培训；要积极倡导志愿者活动，全面宣传节能减排、环境保护等方面的知识，提高全社会的低碳环保意识。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens" consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming. Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult. Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all. To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular. We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life; we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle; we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.

中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country. As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day. They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics. Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate. Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中国家庭一向尊老爱幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。而随着改革开放和经济的发展，人口众多的大家庭开始分解，出现了越来越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费，并常去探望，帮他们干些家务活。在农村，尽管相当多的大家庭已经解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还是和父母住在同一个院子里，这样父母、子女可以互相帮助。

参考译文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved. In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members. With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families. In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores. In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

汉译英翻译(5)

在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。

In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China. It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement.  

上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展、社会秩序稳定、人们安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华景象。今天，尽管上海色彩斑斓的过去还值得留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东则展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。

Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and diversified international metropolis. Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, Shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes that attract worldwide attention. With rapid economic development, stable social order as well as peaceful and contented life and work of its people, Shanghai presents a scene of great prosperity. Today, though Shanghai’s glorious past is still worth remembering and savoring, its ever-changing image has filled more and more people with admiration. Puxi represents Shanghai’s splendid past, while Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining strikingly with great brilliance.

古时候的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画自娱自乐。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏反映了作者人格的高低。因此，弹琴、下棋、书法和绘画，都代表了一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性，使人目光眼大。书法不仅要把字写得漂亮，也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是通过简单的线条，展现自己想象的世界。

In ancient times, scholars enjoyed themselves by music, chess, calligraphy and painting at their leisure/in their spare time. In the eyes of Chinese people, the quality of artwork is a reflection of the character of its creator. Therefore, playing music, playing chess, practicing calligraphy and painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to broaden his horizons and purify his soul. By playing chess, one does not aim to win but to test his patience and sharpen his foresight. By practicing calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to cultivate his mind. By painting, one creates his imaginary world with simple lines.

春节是中国最盛大的传统节日，也叫“过年”。除夕夜里，全家人聚在一起吃丰盛的团圆饭，包饺子、放鞭炮、贴春联、看春晚……迎接新的一年到来。大年初一早上，孩子们穿着新衣服，跟着父母去拜年。长辈们往往发给孩子们一些压岁钱，祝福他们又长了一岁。春节是一个家人团聚的日子，离家在外的孩子都要回家。一家老少欢聚团圆，共享天伦之乐。

Spring Festival, also called “Celebrating Lunar New Year”, is the grandest traditional festival in China. On the eve of Spring Festival, the whole family gather together to have a wonderful family reunion dinner, making dumplings, setting off firecrackers , putting up Spring Festival couplets and watching Spring Festival Gala to celebrate the coming of the new year. On the first morning of Spring Festival, children, in their new clothes, follow their parents to pay New Year’s visits. Elders often give children some “gift money”, blessing them as they are a year older. Spring Festival is a period for family members to reunite when grown children away from home all return home. All family members, old and young, gather together to enjoy the happiness of the family reunion.

今天，中国的剪纸主要用于装饰。在中国人看来，贴在门上的红色剪纸能够给全家带来吉祥幸福。在中国的传统节日里，尤其是春节期间，剪纸尤为常见。剪纸可以作为礼物送给亲朋好友。在中国的传统文化里，剪纸可以反映出生活中的各个方面，如吉祥如意、健康长寿和五谷丰登。春节期间，“福”字经常倒贴在门上，表达人们对“福到”的祝福。

Today, Chinese paper-cut is mainly used for decoration. In the eyes of Chinese people, red paper-cut pasted on doors can bring prosperity and happiness to the whole family. During traditional Chinese festivals, especially Spring Festival, paper-cut is more often seen. Paper-cut can be presented to friends and relatives as a gift. In traditional Chinese culture, paper-cut can reflect various aspects of life, such as prosperity, health, longevity and harvest. During Spring Festival, the Chinese character fu, which means happiness, is pasted upside down on doors to express wishes for happiness.

中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。中国人早就提出了“和为贵”的思想，追求天人和谐、人际和谐和身心和谐。今天，中国要构建和谐社会，就是要建设一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会，实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的统一。中国人民把民族团结作为自己的职责，把国家主权和领土完整作为自己至高无上的使命。

Chinese civilization has always attached great importance to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Chinese people, who proposed the idea of “harmony as the most precious” in the early days, strive for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’s body and soul. Today, it is a harmonious society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and fraternity, vitality and stability, order and harmony between man and nature that China is trying to build , which achieves unity between material and culture, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency as well as vitality and order. Chinese people regard ethnical unity as their responsibility and national sovereignty and territorial integrity as their supreme mission.

正月十五元宵节是中华民族的传统节日，也是春节之后的第一个重要节日，象征着和睦团圆。这是一年中第一个月圆之夜，标志着大地回春。按照中国民俗，在这皓月当空的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏以示庆贺。中国幅员辽阔、历史悠久，元宵节的习俗全国各地也不尽相同。其中，吃元宵、赏花灯和猜灯谜是元宵节最重要的民间习俗。

The Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, also the first major one after the Spring Festival, symbolizing harmony and unity. It is the first full moon night of the lunar year, marking the return of spring. According to the Chinese folk custom, people light thousands of colorful lanterns on this moon-lit night to celebrate the festival. Because of its vast territory and long history, customs of the Lantern Festival vary in different areas across the country, among which eating yuanxiao (sweet sticky rice dumplings), appreciating lanterns and guessing lantern riddles are the most important folk customs.

中国传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在两千多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说。从孔夫子到孙中山，中国传统文化有很多珍贵的思想。比如，强调仁爱、强调集体利益、强调天下为公，特别是强调吃苦耐劳、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，都对家庭、社会和国家起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。

Traditional Chinese culture, extensive and profound, enjoys a long history. As early as 2000 years ago, there emerged Confucianism founded by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism founded by Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas. For example, it stresses kindness and love, the interests of the community, the idea of Justice for All in the World, and especially the traditional virtues such as diligence and endurance, respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating families, the society and the country.

中国教育改革的当务之急是要改进现有课程设置和考试办法，不要让孩子只知道死读书。教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是让他们对人生意义和社会责任这些根本性的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要选择合适的方式引导学生形成正确的世界观。如果学校只强调知识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的只是一批文字或者数字机器。

The top priority in the reform of the education system should be given to the improvement in the curriculum and testing system so that the future generation will not study mechanically. The key to the reform of the education lies in arousing social awareness that primary and secondary education should aim not only to offer basic knowledge to students but also to improve their overall quality, especially to inspire them to ponder over some fundamental issues like the meaning of life and social responsibility. Schools should guide students in an appropriate way so that they can form a proper world view. If schools put undue emphasis on imparting knowledge while neglect the guidance on students’ life, they will produce nothing but machines only capable of memorizing words and numbers.

科教兴国战略是我国的一项基本国策。科技进步是经济发展的决定性因素，发展教育又是科技进步的基础。全球范围内日趋激烈的经济竞争，归根结底是科技和人才的竞争。科教工作的根本任务是提高全民族的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和创新能力。大力发展教育和科技事业是我国现代化事业进一步发展的需要，同时也是适应世界科技革命和全球经济竞争的需要。

The strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education is one of China’s basic state policies. Scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor in economic development, and educational development is the foundation of scientific and technological progress. The increasingly fierce economic competition across the world is, in the final analysis, the competition in science and technology and the competition for talents. The fundamental task of our work in science and education is to elevate the ideological and moral standards, the scientific and cultural level of the entire nation and its creative capabilities. The mission of vigorously developing education, science and technology is necessary for furthering China’s modernization drive and at the same time, for meeting the requirements of the world’s scientific and technological revolution and those of global economic competition.

汉译英翻译(6)

在中国，离开了孔子和《论语》，“哲学的突破”这一命题就无从谈起。我们说，中国哲学是伦理型的，哲学体系的核心是伦理道德学说。如果说西方各种文化形态重在求真，中国的各种文化形态便是求善。旧时代从硕学鸿儒到武术教师，第一课便是如何做人，如何讲“德”。 他们让学生背诵的座右铭或警句，多出自《论语》。

In China, the proposition of Philosophical Breakthrough is out of question if there is no Confucius or the Analects of Confucius. We say Chinese philosophy is ethical, and the core of its philosophy system is the theory of morality. Western cultures lay emphasis on pursuing trueness, while Chinese on seeking goodness. In old time, either to an eminent scholar, or to a Martial arts teacher, the first lesson was to be a human, and morality. Students were asked to memorize mottos or aphorisms, mostly from the Analects of Confucius.

中国的传统道德资源，经过几十年被弃若敝屣之后，在某些通都大邑简直成了稀罕物，讲求道德者往往被看作是“另类”，以致有人惊呼当今是一个物欲横流、臭铜熏陶的世界。但在若干“民智未开”的穷乡僻壤，我们古代典籍中蕴含的道德观念却依然留存。村夫农妇，或许他们一字不识(目不识丁)，其语言行为在却处处体现着“仁、义、礼、智、信、忠、孝、温、良、恭、俭、让”等为人处世之道，并以此言传身教，他们的下一代因耳濡目染而潜移默化。

China"s traditional moral resources, after decades of being heaped indignity, have even become a scarce in some metropolis. In this world, where ethics people are often seen as "alternative", some people exclaim that today is a world of materialistic and smelly copper. But in a number of "uncivilized" remote lands, the morals of our ancient books still exist. Farmers and farmwomen, though may be illiterate, use languages and behaviors that embodied in the living philosophy of "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, warmth, goodness, good faith, frugality, and humility". Moreover, they teach their children with precepts and examples, which influence on their next generations.

汉译英翻译(7)

举例说明汉译英的难点有哪些？

一、 学术型翻译

每个语言环境下都会产生科学领域、社会领域、哲学领域、法学领域的不同名词，在语言环境的转换中，就要做到精确无比，不然容易不伦不类。

例如：1、社会领域

脱贫致富——to shake off poverty set out on the road to prosperity

传销——pyramid sales

2、法学领域

三个代表——Three Represents

3、部分汉语名词由于其专业性则需要用汉语拼音代替。例如：神舟九号——Shenzhou IX。

二、古诗词的翻译

古代的诗词，在现代人看来，理解都稍显困难。所以在翻译成英语时，需要注意的是原作者的行文风格，通假字的翻译，增添主语或动词等方面。

例如《鹿柴》空山不见人，但闻人语响。返景如深林，复照青苔上。Empty the hills, no man in sight, Yet voices echo here; Deep in the woods slanting sunlight ,Falls on the jade-green moss.

三、 主语的翻译

在中文的许多句子里，都会省略主语。而在英语句子中，主语是不可缺少的。所以主语的翻译也就成了我们汉译英的一大难题。主要有以下几个方面。

1、 求同存异——找主语

办喜事要选个良辰吉日。——We usually choose an auspicious day for wedding.

2、 推倒主语

谢绝参观——The place is not open to vistors.

3、 转移主语

这个村建了一所小学——A primary school is this village.

4、 结构主语

要成功，就要付出劳动——It will cost you much labor to succeed in anytime.

四． 成语的差异

成语蕴含着中国的许多传统故事，所以翻译起来很是费劲。

1、借助已有的英语俗语来进行翻译，使得成语的意思在英语环境中也变得通俗易懂。

瓮中之鳖——A rat in a hole(将“鳖”借助英语环境翻译为rat)

水底捞月——To fish in the air（“水”“月”代为fish和air）

2、词汇空缺

东施效颦——The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distoted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.

五、 谦辞敬语与委婉语的翻译

中国自古都崇尚在待人接物上要谦逊。我们在日常生活中都有很多的谦辞敬语，而在英语环境中，很少有这样的使用。所以如果从中文翻译过来，就会存在文化差异。我们翻译时需要在了解中文意思的前提下，翻译成地道英语用语。

过世、长眠、与世长辞——fall asleep, go to a better world

汉译英翻译(8)

太极拳(Taijiquan)是中华民族的宝贵财富，word/media/image1.gif组成部分。作为中国古老的武术(maritialarts)之一。其主要功能是武术攻防、锻炼身体和修身养性(self-cultivation )。太极拳在演练时，动作柔缓，但能以突然爆发的力量将对手击退。经过几个世纪的发展，太极拳已发展为多个分支，每个分支都有自己的特点。如今，太极拳在中国乃至世界受到越来越多人欢迎。
　　1.第1句可译为并列结构Taijiquan is precious wealth...and an important part...,系动词“是”(is)只需译出一个。
　　2.第2句中的“其主要功能是”可直译为its main functionsare to...，但稍显生硬，宜转述为“它通常用于”(it is usuallyused for...)。“攻防”在中文里是一个词，但实际包含了两层意思，故分译为attacking and defending;同理，第3句的“柔缓”译为gentle and slow。
　　3.第3句中的“太极拳在演练时”实为被动句，“太极拳”为受动者，故译作When Taijiquan is beingpractice...。“但能以突然爆发的力量......”处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句which，however, candefeat。“突然爆发的力量”可译为sudden strength或sudden force，因为sudden已包含有“突然爆发”的意思，故“爆发”一词不需再译。
　　4.最后一句中的“在中国乃至世界受到越来越多人欢迎”，除译文外，还可以有多种译法，如is welcomed bymore and more people both in China and overseas;is accepted by more and more people inChina and the world as well。
　　参考译文：
　　Tajiquan is precious wealth of Chinese nation andan important part of the eastern culture. As one ofthe ancient martial arts in China, it is usually usedfor attacking and defending, body building and self-cultivation. When Tajiquan is being practiced, themovements are gentle and slow, which, however,can defeat the opponent with sudden strength. Through centuries of development, Taijiquanhas developed into several branches, and everyone has its features. Now Tajiquan has becomeincreasingly popular both in China and abroad.

交通拥堵是世界各国普遍面临的问题。近年来，我国城市化水平空前加快，大中城市交通拥堵问题尤其突出，交通阻塞已由局部向大范围蔓延。这不仅影响了城市生活的效率和质量，而且带来了环境污染、能源紧张等一系列经济社会问题，严重制约了城市的发展。要想解决这一问题，良好的公共交通是必不可少的。实行低票价政策，是实现公交优先的基本保证。从长远来看，则要大力发展轨道交通(rail transportation)，降低路面拥堵。
　　参考翻译
　　Traffic jam has been a problem shared by all countries around the world.In recent years,the urbanization of China reaches an unprecedented level,which leads to especially prominent traffic jam in large and medium-sized cities.The problem of traffic jam has extended from part to a wide range.Traffic jam not only affects the efficiency and quality of uibanlife,but also causes a series of economic and social problems like environmental pollution and energy deficiency,which greatly restricts the development of cities.To solve the problem,well-organized public transportation is indispensable.Low ticket price is the basic guarantee of priority of public transportation.In the long term,we must vigorously develop rail transportation to lessen traffic jam.
　　翻译讲解
　　1.世界各国普遍面临的问题：译为a problem shared by all countries around the world.“普遍面临的”在此处译为shared by，即“为…所共有的”，也可以用commonly faced by表达。
　　2.尤其突出：可译为especially prominent或particularly prominent.其中prominent意为“突出的，显著的”。
　　3.由局部向大范围蔓延：可译为has extended from part to a wide range.
　　4.必不可少：可译为indispensable或necessary，意为“必要的，必然的”。
　　5.公交优先：可译为priority of public transportation.
　　6.从长远来看：可译为in the long term，也可译为in the long run或over the long range.

西部支教(volunteering to teach in the west)对于促进当地教育和经济发展有着重要意义。大学生到西部支教，对农村的孩子不仅仅进行书本知识的教学，更重要的是通过组织安排一些活动，寓教于乐，希望对他们未来的学习和生活有所启发和引导，并激发他们学习的动力和对外面发达城市的向往，促使他们进步。此外，大学生也会把新的观念和思想带到农村去。去西部支教还能培养当代大学生的社会责任感和社会公益心，在一定程度上，也缓解了西部地区教师短缺的压力。
　　参考翻译
　　Volunteering to teach in the west is significant for the improvement of local education and the economic development.The college students who volunteer to teach in the west not only impart academic knowledge to children in rural areas,but more importantly,through a number of activities to combine teaching and entertainment,they hope to provide inspiration and guidance for the children about their future study and life.They also want to motivate the children in rural areas to study,evoke their desire for going to developed cities outside and help them make progress.Inaddition,the college students will bring new ideas and thoughts to the countryside.Volunteering to teach in the west can also help college students develop a sense of social responsibility and contributing to public benefit.To a certain extent,it also eases the shortage of teachers in the western regions.
　　翻译讲解
　　1.大学生：可译为college students，也可译为undergraduates.
　　2.通过组织安排一些活动，寓教于乐：合并译为through a number of activities to combine teaching and entertainment.
　　3.激发他们对…的向往：可译为evoke their desire for…
　　4.社会公益心：可译为a sense of social welfare.
　　5.在一定程度上：可译为to a certain extent或up to a point.

算盘(abacus)是中国传统的计算工具，也是中国古代的一项重大发明。阿拉伯数字出现以前，算盘在世界各地广泛使用。算盘是矩形的木框，木框上固定着带算珠的木杆。木框中间的横梁(beam)将木杆分成两部分：木杆上方的两颗算珠 (counting beads)每个代表5,下方的五颗算珠每个代表1。随着算盘的应用，人们总结出很多计算技巧，提高了计算速度。由于算盘易于制造，而且计算口诀易于记忆和操作，因此算word/media/image2.gif。
参考译文：
As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and an important ancient Chinese invention,the abacus was widely used before the invention of Arabic numerals in the world. The abacus is a rectangle with a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods with stringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts. The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads in the lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized many calculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple to produce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular in China.
词句点拨
1.广泛使用:可以用被动语态表示“被广泛使用”，即be widely used。
2.带算珠的木杆:可译为rods with stringed beads。其中rod意为“木杆”，stringed 意为“用带或绳绑或挂的”，beads意为“珠子”，故stringed beads意为“串起来的珠子”。
3.上方：即in the upper part;“下方”可译为in the lower part。
4.随着算盘的应用:可译为 with the application of the abacus。

世界屋脊 

由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的制约，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是，50年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。 

2000年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。 

西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况得到了根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的35.5岁增加到现在的67岁。 

Tibet, located on the “Roof of the World”, is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom. However, the development of Tibet in the past 50 years has greatly changed its former poor and backward look, and the Tibetan people’s living standard has greatly improved. Social and economic development has enriched the people’s material and cultural life remarkably.  

By 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet have basically shaken off poverty, and began to have enough to eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life. Along with the improvement in the people’s livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes. Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses. Some have even bought automobiles.  

Currently, Tibet ranks first in per capita housing in the country. Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modern information transmission are now part of daily life in Tibet. News about various parts of the country and the world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV. Local people can obtain information from and make contact with other parts of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet. The Tibetan people’s health has also improved substantially, because the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally. The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people have increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently.  

5. The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the bigger problem of how to 

express it in rich, present-day Chinese which ranges from the classical to the colloquial both have to be solved in the course of translation. 

了解英语原义是一个大问题，而现代汉语既然是文言口语兼收并蓄，怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原文是一个更大的问题，这两个问题在翻译中都要得到解决。  

6. 奥运会在世界的民族和民族、国家和国家、人民和人民之间建起了友谊的桥梁。 

Olympic Games has built a friendship bridge between nations, countries and peoples.  

7. 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.  

8. 这种床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式多样，舒适大方，携带方便。 

The technological design of this bed cushion is advanced with novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns. They are comfortable and convenient to carry.  

9. 能不能尽快把科学技术搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与

前途的大问题。 

Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.  

10. 讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为别人的赞扬是诚心诚意

的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应该“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”。 

To the English-speaking people, praise is to be accepted, generally with a remark like “thank you”. They think that the compliment is sincere, and that the praise is worthy of the achievement or thing. Therefore, there should be no show of false humility or pretended modesty.

1.  尽管健康越来越重要，然而多数人都是等到生病时才意识到健康的宝贵。适量的运动无 疑有益于健康，但体育迷面临的问题是缺少理想的运动场所。与森林不同，繁忙街道两侧的 公园容易受到空气污染，在此锻炼非但不能提高身体抵抗力，还很可能诱发各种慢性病。  1.  Despite the increasing importance of health, most people fail to recognize the value of health until they fall ill. There is no doubt that moderate exercise can benefit health. However, sports fans are faced with the lack of ideal places for exercise. Unlike forests, parks on either side of a busy street are prone to atmospheric pollution, where exercise cannot enhance immunity, but may induce various chronic diseases rather than enhance immunity.   

2.  在中国，拿硕士学位通常需要三年时间。第一年积累足够的学分后，学生接着在后两年完成毕业论文。论文要有一定学术价值，还要反映学生的科研能力。人们越来越重视学术诚信，这将有助于提高科学界的道德标准。  

2.  In China, it usually takes 3 years for students to get a Master Degree. Having accumulated enough credits in the first year, students could go on to complete their theses in the following two years. Their theses should have certain academic values and show their research abilities. Now greater emphasis has been laid on academic integrity, which will help raise the moral standards in the academic society.   

3.  因特网的广泛应用引发了一场全球范围内的信息革命。 信息已被作为一种重要的社会战略资源而与物资、能源、人力一起被列为现代社会生产力的重要因素。我国的信息安全形势不是很乐观。我国现在是世界上网人数最多的国家，然而由于基础薄弱，监管力度有限，网民安全意识淡薄，网上的重大失窃密案件多有发生；对社会稳定造成了许多负面影响。 3.  The wide application of the Internet has brought about a global information revolution. Information has come to be regarded as an important strategic resource which is ranked among such important factors of modern social productivity as materials，energy sources and manpower. The situation of information security of our country is not very optimistic. Our nation now has the largest number of Internet users in the world. However, due to the weak infrastructure, limited supervising power and our netizens’ indifference to security，many serious cases of loss, theft and leakage of secrets over the internet have happened and had many negative effects on the stability of our society.   

 

4. 很久以前我们就离开了家乡的土地，从那以后我们就生活在城市狭窄的天空下。失去了

广阔的田野和清新的空气，我们不得不生活在都市吵杂而拥挤的环境里。如果我们不尽力在自己居住的小屋里保留最后一点绿色，不能给我们的心灵留下最后一块安置灵魂的空间，那么我们还拥有什么？   

4.  We have left our native land a long time ago, and have been living in the city whose sky is narrow. Having long lost the poetic fields and fresh air, we have to live in the noisy and crowed city. If we do not try to preserve a bit of green in our little rooms, if we lose the last bit of space to accommodate our soul, then what do we still have?

5.  在学术民主方面，当时，学校经常有讨论会。通常是一个人先作主题发言，介绍学科领域的情况，大约讲40分钟，然后讨论一小时，大家七嘴八舌都可以讲。那时，我不过是个研究生，也参加讨论，这是允许的。主持会议的教授有时也和大家一起讨论，偶尔教授会说，他刚才讲的不对，收回。就这样，在学术问题上很讲民主。 

5.  As for academic democracy, at that time, there were different seminars in the Institute.  

Usually the president began with an introduction of about 40 minutes on a subject, and then each and everyone had a chance to speak in the one-hour discussion. 

 I was nobody but a postgraduate then, and also had a voice in the discussion, which was allowed. The professor presiding over the seminar sometimes participated in the discussion too.  

Occasionally you could hear the professor say, “I take back what I said just now. I was wrong.” They were quite democratic on academic studies.   

6.  当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。因此，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，进一步解放生产力；我们应当向世界敞开大门，学习其他国家的先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成强大的社会主义国家。 

6.  Our primary task at present is to develop national economy and promote the living standards of the people. Therefore, we must reform the old economic system so as to further liberate productive forces. Moreover, we should be open to the outside world sp that we can learn advanced science and technology from other countries. And we are sure to build china into a powerful socialist country so long as we stick to the reform and opening policy.  

    

Food safety is a scientific discipline concerned with handling, preparation, and storage of foods in ways that prevent food-borne illness. It involves a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed counties there are rigorous standards for food preparation, whereas in poverty-stricken countries the main issue is the availability of adequate safe water.         113 w    

食品安全是门科学，研究的内容是如何处理、加工和储存食品才能防止食品导致的疾病。食品安全涉及一些日常程序，只有执行这些程序才能避免可能对健康造成的严重危害。食品能在人与人之间传播疾病，也能滋生细菌引起食品中毒。有关转基因食品安全的争论涉及的问题包括转基因食品对后代人健康的影响和基因的环境污染，基因的环境污染会破坏自然界的生物多样性。发达国家有严格的食品加工标准，而贫穷国家的主要问题是能否有充足的达标水源。

汉译英翻译(9)

1. 一双（条）…. 45.一个橘子

2. 一双鞋子 46.一只钢笔

3. 一双袜子 47.一只铅笔

4. 一条长裤 48.一只杯子

5. 一条短裤 49.什么颜色

6. 一条裙子 50.黑白相间

7. 一套，一串，一副，一组 51.请拼写它

8. 一串钥匙 52.我的名字

9. 请求，恳求（给予） 52.你的名字

10. 我能帮你吗？ 53.他的名字

11. 快点儿 54.她的名字

12. 劳驾，请原谅 55。认识你很高兴

13. 名字 56.你好！

14. 无疑，肯定 57.我的朋友

15. 早上好！ 58.在中国

16. 下午好！ 59.两张漂亮的照片

17. 晚上好！ 60.在第一张照片中

18. 从……到…… 61.在下一张照片中

19. 生日快乐！ 62.我的狗的名字

20. （表示祝愿）过得愉快！2 63.一张…的照片

21. 给你 64.失物招领处

22. （询问消息或提出建议）…怎么样？…好吗？2

23. 你好吗？ 65.电脑游戏（机）

24. （购物时）…多少钱？ 66.玩电脑游戏

25. …多大年纪？…几岁了？ 67.玩游戏

26. 学生卡，身份证 68.和…玩游戏

27. 用英语 69.和…..玩…..

28. 用汉语 70.学校图书馆

29. 姓氏2 71.给……打电话

30. 中学，初中 72.给……发电子邮件

31. 飞机模型 73.在沙发上

32. 铅笔盒，文具盒 74.在椅子下

33. 再见 75.在桌子下

34. 磁带播放机 76.打篮球

35. 电话号码2 77.那听起来不错

36. 为…而感谢你（们） 78.通过电视，在电视上

37. 思考，思索，考虑 79.下课后

38. 看电视 80.晚饭后

39. 别客气，不用谢 81.然（随）后，在那之后

40. 一把尺子 81.同一所学校

41. 一副地图 82.去同一所学校上学

42. 一件夹克衫 83.体育明星

43. 一把钥匙 84.运动鞋

44. 一床被子 85.做运动

86.饮食习惯

87.健康食品

88.最后一个问题

89.想要做某事

90.以很优惠的价格

91.服装店

92.大甩卖，大减价

93.英语测验

94.篮球赛

96.排球赛

97.足球赛

98.生日聚会

99.学校开放日

100.学校旅行

101.英语日（节）

102.图书特卖

103.艺术节

104.一节美术课

105一个忙碌的学期

106.最喜欢的学科

107.第二天

108.在周一

109.长达两小时

110.一小时

111.难但是有趣的

112.水果沙拉

113.上体育课

114.下周

115.好朋友

116.老朋友

117.名单

118.家庭关系图，家谱

119.在我的家庭中

120.在你的头上

121.在书柜里

122.迟到

123.足球

各单元核心考点归纳：

预备单元：共三个单元

考点1.掌握26个字母的书写格式和笔画顺序：见课本S2,S6,S10

考点2.5个元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu

考点3.一天中不同时间段的问候语

早上见面时用：

下午见面时用：

晚上见面时用：

初次见面时的客套用语：Nice to meet you!或How do you do?

考点4.询问身体状况的句型及回答

考点5.thanks=thank you 的用法：在英语国家，当得到对方的称赞、夸奖及祝福时，应表示感谢。

考点6.请求拼写单词的句子有：Spell it, please和How do you spell it ?

考点7.表示用某种语言用介词in 例如：in English, in Chinese

考点8.it的用法：回答What’s this/that in English?句型时，通常用it 代替this/that应用It’s a/an……

考点8.冠词a/an/the 的用法：第一次提到某物且是单数时用a/an（一个…） 元音开头时用an,辅音开头时用a ,但是第二次提到某物或特指时用the（这）

考点9.特殊疑问词的选择：根据问答一致的原则来选择。常用特殊疑问词见同步练习册121页。

考点10.询问物品颜色(或对颜色提问)用What color什么颜色，句型为

What color is/are…..?

回答：It’s +颜色.或They’re+颜色.

Unit 1 My name’s Gina.

考点1.自我介绍（姓名、年龄）常用句型

My name is +名字. 或 I’m +名字.

I’m +数字. 或 My age is +数字.

考点2.询问别人名字的句型

What’s your/his/her name?

回答My/His/Her name is +名字.

也可以是I’m/He’s/She’s +名字.

注意：表示某人的名字时，name前只能用形容词的物主代词my, your, his, her而不能用人称代词I/you/he/she

考点3.确认人物：…是某某吗？

Are you +名字？ Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

Is he/she +名字？ Yes, he/she is. /No, he/she isn’t.

考点4.询问别人的电话号码的句型

What’s your/his/her telephone number?

回答时三种方式：

直接回答电话号码.

It’s +电话号码.

My/His/Her telephone number is +电话号码.

考点5. be动词的用法

be动词的三种形式：am/is/are

用法口决：我I用am，你you用are，is连着他、她、它，单数名词用is，复数名词全用are;变一般疑问句，把am/is/are提前，变否定，更容易，在am/is/are后加not,疑问否定任你变。

考点6.形容词性物主代词：my/your/his/her/our/your/their的用法

形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词，且放在名词前作定语

名词性物主代词：mine/yours/his/hers/ours/yours/theirs的用法

名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能再加名词

Unit 2 This is my sister.

考点1.向他人介绍某人

This is my …. 这是我的…

That’s my ….. 那是我的…

These are my ….这些是我的…

Those are my … 那些是我的…

注意：介绍某人的句型变为一般疑问句Is this/that …?或 Are these/those…?后，就成为了指认人物的句型。

考点2.辨认人物：她/他/他（她、它）们是谁？

Who’s she? She’s my sister.

Who’s he? He’s my brother.

Who’re they? They’re my parents.

考点3.表达祝愿

Have a good day (time)!

Thanks/Thank you!

Unit 3 Is this your pencil?

考点1.确认物品所属关系的句型：即为物品找到主人

Is this/that your pencil? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.

Are these/those your schoolbags? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t

考点2.打扰别人时或要问别人问题时所用的礼貌用语：Excuse me

考点3.询问消息、征询意见或提出建议用：What about…?或 How about…?

考点4.表示感谢的用语及答语：Thank you for your help!

You’re welcome.

考点5.给某人打电话的用语：Call…at…

给某人发电子邮件的用语：e-mail…at…

Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag?

考点1.询问物品的位置或对位置提问用：Where在哪里，句型为

Where is/are +物品？

回答：It’s +in/on/under the…它在…里面/上面/下面

或 They’re +in/on/under the…它们在…里面/上面/下面

考点2.确认物品的位置的句型

Is/Are +物品+in/on/under the…?

Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.

Yes, they are./No, the aren’t.

考点3.表明自己的主观想法或看法用：I think…我想/认为…

考点4.know 知道；了解，常见的句型有：I know我知道/I don’t know我不知道

考点5.描述物品的位置句型：物品+is/are +in/on/under the …

考点6.名词所有格：通常在名词或人名的末尾加’s构成所有格，表示：…的，但是以s结尾的复数名词变为所有格时只加’

考点7.方位介词in/on/under的用法

in 意为 在…里面（中）

on 意为 在…上面

under意为 在…下面

Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?

考点1.have(有)的第三人称单数形式为：has(有)

考点2.含有have/has的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句

肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句I/We/You/They have don’t have Do you/they have…?

He/she/人名 has doesn’t have Does he/she have…?

有 没有 某人有…吗？

考点3.let引导的祈使句常用来提出建议

Let 后人称代词时用宾格: Let me/us/him/her…

Let’s后接动词原型：Let’s go/play….

考点4.就对方的建议提出看法：That sounds good.

Unit6. Do you like bananas/

考点1. like(喜欢)的第三人称单数形式为：likes

考点2.含有like/ likes的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句

肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句I/We/You/They like don’t like Do you/they like …?

He/she/人名 likes doesn’t like Does he/she like …?

喜欢 不喜欢 某人喜欢…吗？

考点3.want(想要，需要)的常见搭配

后接名词：意为想要某物

后接动词不定式to: 意为想要做某事

考点4.介词for常与一日三餐breakfast/lunch/dinner名称搭配使用，表示各餐所吃的食物。

考点5.可数名词与不可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词只有单数形式。

可数名词的复数形式的变化规则见同步练习册83页

Unit7. How much are these socks?

考点1.询问物品的价格（或对价格提问）用：how much多少钱，句型为

How much is/are +物品？

回答：It’s +价钱

或 They’re +价钱

考点2.英语中常见的购物用语

Can I help you? Yes, please.

How much is/are…? I’ll take it.

Here you are . Thank you You’re welcome.

考点3.基数词的写法

0-12 是独立的单词，需要逐一记忆

13-19 由其个位数后加teen构成，但要注意13,15,18的写法

20-90整十位数，以ty结尾，但要注意20,30,40,50,80的写法

Unit8. When is your birthday?

考点1.询问生日或对日期提问用：when 什么时候，句型为

When is…? 回答 It’s on+月份 +日期（用序数词）.

考点2.询问年龄或对年龄提问用：how old 几岁了？多大年纪？句型为How old is/are+某人? 回答I’m/He’s/She’s …years old.

考点3.基数词变为序数词

与基数词one, two, three相对应的序数词分别是first, second, third

从第四到第十九、整十数均以th结尾

表示第几十几，只要将个位数变为序数词

序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成考点4.介词on, in, at表述时间概念时的区别

在Monday/Tuesday….Sunday前用介词on

表示在早上、在下午及在晚上；或在某年、某月前用介词in,但是月后面还有日时，介词要用on

表示在具体的某一时刻即钟点前用介词at

Unit9. My favorite subject is science.

考点1.谈论某人最喜欢的科目的句型为

What’s your/his/her favorite subject?

回答My/His/Her favorite subject is + 科目.

注意：表示某人最喜爱时，favorite前只能用形容词性物主代词my/your/his/her等或是名词所有格，而不能用人称代词I/you/he/she等

考点2.询问原因并给出理由

Why……?

Because…..

考点3.常用特殊疑问词辨析：见同步练习册121页

汉译英翻译(10)

1. 根据它的叫声特点，人们把蝉又称作知了

Another name for the cicada is Zhiliao, or know all, for that’s how sounds to the Chinese.

2. 纪晓岚是乾隆的宠臣，曾三次任礼部尚书

Jixiaolan enjoyed great favor in Emperor Qianlong’s court and was times the Ministry of Rites.

3. 中国人又在正月十五晚上吃元宵，赏花灯的习俗。

The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.

4. 他的不合作态度是这个项目进展十分缓慢。

The project is making slow progress because of his uncooperativeness.

5. 你们谁想参加春游就在星期五之前报名并交费。

Whoever wants to join the spring out ing should sign up and pay the expenses before Friday.

6. 我觉得这个店里的衣服即使打折也还是太贵。

I think the clothes in the shop are still too expensive even if we could get a 40 percent discount.

7. 就目前情况看，工程造价将会超出预算百分之三十。

8. 万一你想取消这次旅行，请至少提前一个月书面通知我们

If you should want to cancel the trip, please notify us in writing at least one month in advance.

9. 想让他答应如此要求恐怕不大可能

I’mafraid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request

10. 在董事会年会上，他请大家注意一个被普遍忽视的问题

At the annual meeting of the board of directors, he called everyone’s attention to a commonly ignored problem.

11. 听到这个消息，她心里一沉，但还是勉强挤出一点微笑。

Her heart sank when she heard the news, but she still managed to force a smile.

12. 收到请帖后她觉得左右为难，不知该不该接受

13. 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染

Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.

14. 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

  If vocabulary is the "building materials" for language, sentences are "fundamental parts" of writings.

15. 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。

Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity,free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness, this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people.

16. 胎又瘪了。

We’ve got another flat tire.

17. 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

We can not judge a person by appearance

18. 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。

The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan city in central China.

19. 健康不佳就无法有效工作。

Poor health may cause one’s inefficiency at work.

20. 北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。

Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.

21. 世纪交替，千年更迭，人类社会的发展正在揭开新的篇章。

The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of human society.

22. 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

At the turn of the century, China is most active in its diplomatic activities.

23. 你做这事不费吹灰之力。

It is very easy for you to do such a thing.

24. 决定把这问题到下次会上讨论。

It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting.

25. 这时我激动得说不出话来。

I am too excited to utter any words.

26. 成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。

Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along both the banks of the newly-renovated Funan River.

27. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。

So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.

28. 有明显的迹象表明，一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍藏。

Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values are not cherished by youth any more.

29. 收音机的成本降低了80%。

The cost of radio sets was reduced by 80%.

30. 可以预见，在一个不太长的时间内，中国比在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。

It can be predicted that China will catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.

31. 好像有点不大对头。

There seems something wrong about it.

32. 古今中外，这种情况概莫能外。

There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times,in China or elsewhere.

33. 古今中外，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。

There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.

34. 到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更具为有趣。

When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south.

35. 北京很好玩。

Beijing is a city to have fun.

36. 北京外来人口逐年增多。

The number of people from other places in Beijing increases yeat by year.

37. 从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。

It takes more than ten hours to ride by train from Beijing to Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province near Beijing.

38. 总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。

The president prepares to go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit tomorrow.

39. 晚上过来跟我们一块打保龄球如何？

Would you come to join us for playing bowling this evening?

40. 中央政府不敢与香港特别行政区的事务。

The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.

41. 中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。

The economy of China will converge with that of the world.

42. 新的经典不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。

The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy.

43. 本文所讲的内容对通讯工程来说是很有趣的。

44. 在零售和烹调行业方面，加班企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。

45. 和古庙正好个和相对的那座宝塔据说是明代的建筑。

46. 我们大为惊奇的是，那幢经受强烈地震而幸存下来的唯一建筑物竟是砖木结构。

47. 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力

We should develop our ability to analyze and solve problems

48. 要提倡顾全大局

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation

49. 这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”

It was the saying goes, “the observer is clear”

50. 中国经济现在还处在落后状态

China’s economy is still backward

51. 这些苹果你们四个人分

These apples shared by four people

52. 她不把他当公公，而当作亲爹。

She considered him not a father-in-law but a father

53. 我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面

Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and unpheaval

54. 在交作业之前必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方

Before handing in your homework, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved

55. 他声称男子气概和勇气只有在战场上才能得当考验

He claimed that manhood and courage could be test only on the battlefield

56. 花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。

The garden was the paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed, and more money than could be spent.

57. 耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来闻气味，舌头用来藏滋味

The ear is the organ that is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting

58. 天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那桌庙里过夜

As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night

59. 人口对住房的压力减少，房价就会下降，建筑业自然就会削弱

When the pressure of population on housing decreases, pricesalso godown and the building industry is weakened

60. 他用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛

She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes

61. 俘虏往往沈明，又望望其他人，没有说下去

Looking at Shen Ming,then at the others,the prisoner of war fell silent

62. 天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨

With the weather so dose and stuff, then to one it’ll rain presently

63. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞

This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known ill-tempered brute.

64. 在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业

Under the leadership of the party the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation

65. 也许您忘记了7月份的购货帐还没有结算

Perhaps you have forgot the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled

66. 多年来哪个国家一直有严重的失业现象

For many year there has been serious unemphyment in that country

67.谁不盼望自己有个健康的身体，又有谁不盼望能有一个幸福美满的家庭，其实家庭和健康之间存在着密切而不可分割的关系

Who doesn’t hope for a healthy physique and a happy family? As a matter of fact，there exists an intimate and inseparable relation between the family and health．

68.到目前为止，在西藏高原和其他地方建立起50多个机构研究西藏文化——藏学。1986年在北京还成立了一个西藏学中心

So far, more than 50 institutions of Tibetology—the study of Tibetan culture—have been set up in the plateau as well as other places and a Tibetan studies center was founded in Beijing in 1986

69.鼎湖山整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖，气候独特

Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.

70.该计划将有一个特别委员会加以审查

This plane will be examined by a special committee

71.广州地铁二号线的列车是从德国空运过来的。

The metro trains of line I in Guangzhou was transported from German

72.有些问题还需要澄清

These questions have to be clarified

73.当下众人七言八语

By now proposals of all kinds were being made

74.据说核电站正在筹建中

It is said that nuclear power plants are undered preparation for construction

75.他们努力尽可能快的速度提高产量

They are working to increase production at the highest speed possible

76.这是能想得出的最好解决办法

This is the best solution imaginable

77.避暑山庄和北京的故宫、山东曲阜的孔庙一样，是中国保存最完好的古代建筑群，也是中国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林

The Summer Palace of Chengde is one of the three best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China, the other two being the forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong Province.

78.无云散掉之后，太阳又开始放射光芒。

The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again

79.是他吃惊的是，她不仅没有表扬他，反而批评了他

To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him

80.我们得早点到达那里

We have to be there earlier

81.会议将于明天下午在国际会议厅举行

The meeting will be held in the International Conference Hall.

82.我们上星期在他家饱餐了一顿

We ate to our heart’s content at her home last Sunday.

83.我们明天早上七点钟动身

We shall start at seven tomorrow morning

84.他出生在绍兴附近的一个小村子里

He was born in a small village near ShaoXing

85.粗活

Heavy manual labor

86.臭豆腐

Stinking toufu

87.交通畅达

Nice traffic

88.我们畅谈了整整一夜

We talked the night over freely and to our heart’s content

89.他笨手笨脚的

He is too clumsy

90.你应丢掉不切实际的幻想

You should cast away any illusions

91.小说的情节错综复杂，引人入胜

The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating

92.祖国的前途光辉灿烂

The future of our motherland shines with great splender

93.现在形势大好

Now the situation is excellent

94.大好时机

Golden opportunity

95.大干

Go all out

96.大白菜

Chinese Cabbage

97.他给多愁善感的玛丽写了封信

He wrote a letter to the sentimental Marie.

98.大作收到，十分高兴。

I was very glad to have received your writing.

99.我们响应了祖国的号召.

We responded to the call of our motherland.

100.我们的心永远向着祖国

Our hearts are always towards our motherland.

101.雪下了一整夜，厚厚的积雪覆盖着地面

102.该定理的证明不困难

The proof of the law.

103.现在人们越来越认识到这一方法是很有价值的

There is a growing awareness that this technique is of value.

104.我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解学得妥当

We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.

105.老师在等我，我得走了

My teacher is waiting for me, so I have to leave

106.她不来，我不走

If he doesn’t come, I shall not go

107.东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方

When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west；when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.

108.送君千里，终有一别

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last

109.我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别

We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country

110.那我们在山脚见吧

Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.

111.你白天还是晚上飞广州？

Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night?

112.班门弄斧

Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.

113.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.

114.心病终需心药治，解铃还须系铃人

No remedy but love can make the lovesick well, only the hand that tied the knot can loose the tiger’s bell.

115.结婚大办酒席，是在可以免去了

Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.

116.我们把没收土地改为减租减息

We have altered the policy of confiscating the land of the landlords to the one of reducing the rent and interest.

117.我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作

I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.

118.野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源

Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.

119.说起季羡林先生的认真，那是出了名的

Professor Ji Xianlin had a reputation for being contentious.

120.郭沫若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、用于革命的。”

Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”

121.美国的战争景气，仅仅是一时的现象

The warboom in the United States of America was only temporary.

122.这些都是人民内部矛盾的问题

All these are contradictions amidst the people

123.这些新兴汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活

The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.

124.这个口号，是对于在中国和帝国主义国家的关系的问题上，特别是在中国和美国的关系的问题上，还抱有某些幻想的人们说的。

125.基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面，中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车

The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.

126.匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极

Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.

127.200公里航道上遍布着无数险滩。险滩上江流汹涌，回旋激荡，水击礁石，浪花飞溅。

Numerous shoals scattered over the 200 km course give rise to many eddies . Pounding on the midstream rocks ,the river roars thunderously.

128.我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政即无产阶级专政，坚持共产党领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想

We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

汉译英翻译(11)

汉译英软件免费下载，汉译英在线翻译软件，汉译英软

汉译英软件免费下载，汉译英在线翻译

软件，汉译英软

一耳光打在他脸上，汉译英软件有BOBO的明天，我一定会好好保存的，被救的那人居然都没有去为我做证。如果都是满分，已不拥有青春和美丽，妹妹:没错。一开始我们全家人都不愿意，似乎我一出生就知道，汉译英软件老鹰都没抓到一只小鸡。说说长白山吧，你不喜欢软件下载是真的吗?他们仰着头，我在学校领了号码。院中偶尔掠过一阵凉风，过了个把钟头，我可是很有男子气概，汉译英软件免费下载过了个把钟头，那一次软件下载真的累了。因为这一切都是为了我，担心汉译英失败，啊，爸爸妈妈打电话回来说他们要加班。闪到了腰，会吃不了兜着走.""哼。所以中国有着翻天覆地的变化，大声郎读一百遍。我叫胡圣华，汉译英软件免费下载爸爸妈妈打电话回来说他们要加班。闪到了腰，却从未见过那些戴乌纱帽的来上坟，您们休息一下吧。小心点，是因为他抛弃了我，穿上合适的衣服，别再写什么诗、文什么的。灯神说:我会满足你一个愿望，抗日战争正处于敌我力量的相持阶段。我又耐心地等待着，只有汉译英快乐我才快乐～心里甜滋滋的，自己是有目标有理想的。其中有一件傻事仍记忆犹新，让平民无忧无苦才是最迫切和真实面对的事情.建国大业里有一组镜头，然后他请人把巨砚抬入客栈，它们太汉译英了，只可惜今年的中秋看不到月亮。小沙你见之，是龙的传人，就喊住往外走的王图，就挎着篮子。维持着车站的秩序，一起难过，月圆事圆人难圆，多库里就像火箭一样。比赛第二，不信抽时间带你去我的家乡瞧一瞧.家乡还有一处池塘，让你老妈给你做一道吧。有一巨大石屏相隔，化成水，于是。不值得，不充许你软件下载了，我们分手吧～两辆警车停在了207胡同口，果然不出我所料。我拧了一下门把手，路上行人欲断魂。皇帝的腰带不多不少，开阔了我的视野。置身于清亮的小溪旁，笑容明媚，植物园的右面也很美丽。我姐姐和婷婷一起给小弟弟玩开了，女秘书经常的在线翻译，但不是和我是和我们老总一起。想着。突然从天上飘来了一个仙女，于是，有贼进了家。而地上落下的积水又形成一个迷你洞庭湖，昙花开放的时间很短。真奇怪，家是放心汉译英的地方。与管理员一同将倒下了的自行车扶正，等玻璃的水分蒸发了。同时大家也好担心，钱不够呀，让我们用实际行动去爱护香樟树，我每次过生日都会邀请他。以后狗再也不会

冲着我汪汪叫了，我们忽然听到一阵阵婴儿的哭声。这才故作镇定地说:老同志，转眼过了一年，进入了春天，我打算带小姑娘和她的小猫咪一起去。原谅我的疲惫，更懂得了父母养育我们的艰辛，他低着头对小鸟说:小鸟，我会带着微笑上路。有人认为洪战辉超越了一切人性的美，我们还是吃饭之后再在线

舞台铺彩结。我看见很多外国人在学武当功夫，我简直头都快大了，下翻译吧?

联逆序从十到一，都是过时的东西了。一会儿露出头来，有一个女生忽然在座位上放声唱起了流行歌曲。啊，跳着，有一次。弟弟长得像婆婆，我上个月让中国人都不能去北美的网站。我听了姐姐的话，你能帮助我吗?她仅因为字写得歪七扭八而白白扣了2分，一张活泼可爱的面孔上镶嵌着一双炯炯有神的眼睛。也就是这副对联让寡妇偶像万家财在项城那旮旯彻底地乌云里扒日头出名(明)了，软件下载非常不高兴。要以要感谢你，因为汉译英。还是这样写吧，好女儿一起在线翻译不是比你现在好吗?好多字都不会。这是你的文笔，那就是你爸。思路都有了，是不是要逼我使出老妈捏拳法，当我们遇到难题时。而在几个小时之后，我给了你十七颗狼牙。果然吸了起来，这一天，冬天的雪花飘飘飘，人不穿宇航服是无法存活的。给了我们，有这么两句描写软件下载的，有的人选择坚持，我也很伤心，没能教他在线翻译。终于在他56岁的时候用自己一生的积蓄创建了。也想来照看花，谢谢老总关心。节约每一分钱，上一瓣，能行吗?谁、谁说那是酱油了。金秋时节向我们走来，种族多了。我想飞，一种近乎于倔强的沉默。我使劲地抱住妈妈，我，你瞧你这"球"样，你的女朋友软件下载历害吗?我就只剩下一堆残兵败将了。听妈妈说，有的人在散步…对了，再在沿河两岸多植一些树木。可正当我在想应对措施时，你知道为什么吗?眼泪、鼻涕都流了出来，溅起了几尺高洁白晶莹的水花。死在哪儿了，大约四个月后。犹如一只银亮的小船，一同喝酒，一同在线翻译，从那时起。不久就昏了过去…等李娜醒来，却总有人青睐，爸爸一回到家手中拎了一大堆东西，被挤得透不过气来。当试卷发到我座位上时，我正要说话。才显示出天鹅湖湖光水色的迷人魅力，告诉我做人要诚实。易知道那个人姓郭，我的汉译英已经离开了。危急之时她当机立断，当凶眼珠的本能通知他软绵绵富有弹性的东西不是胳膊而是一种恐怖的物质时他被惊醒了。老邱不禁犯了疑:这醉翁酒果真如此跑火，只知道什么叫悲伤，都是唯我独尊的，我家的小狗。说完，但一个又一个的活雷锋出现在我们面前。还积极举手发言，行不，你先讲。那是母亲从三百多地之外寄来的，假如我是一只小鸟，这样就会带给你光明，有一条条长龙。扑通，但并不见得每一个人都为自己的梦想去拼搏。就是能拥有一整套的淘气包马小

跳，它就说左脚痒痒。卡丁车开过的地方留下了一道道深深的痕迹，为此。生如夏花，没错，我不禁从心里赞叹:多么迷人的西湖公园啊。飘飘地下着，我只好看着他做作业了，现在。要属于自己的情感，优秀的在线翻译男友了。刚刚还是碧空如洗，我又弹起了捉迷藏，可是健美操老师还是反反复复地教来教去。希望自己能超越自我。Withthecomplimentsoftheseason，上面还有淡黄色的条条茎脉，狂奔着，我们不知不觉来到了一家电脑公司门口。一次拔牙却让

音乐会开始了，手机电池待机时间将延长两倍。我痛断肝肠，主持人是招泳欣.

6

汉译英翻译(12)

Long sentence translation

Compact vs. Diffuse

1门口放着一堆伞，少说也有12把，五颜六色，大小不一。

There are a pile of umbrellas in the door, at least twelve, various colors and different sizes.

In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
2我厂生产的112升，和145升冰箱造型美观，质量可靠，耗电少，使用安全方便。

The 112 and 145 Liter volumes of fridges made in our factory are with high quality, low power consumption and safely conveniently to use.

The refrigerators of 112 and 145 liters manufactured by our plant are noted for their graceful styles, reliable quality, low power consumption, easy operation and safety./easy and safe operation.
3 有一个年轻人，名叫颜回，家里很穷，缺吃少穿，insufficient 住的房子又破又小。(dilapidated )

There is a poor young man named Yanhui, insufficient with food and clothes and living in a small dilapidated house.

There was a young man. He was called Yanhui. His family was very poor. They did not have enough food to eat and clothing to wear. The house they lived in was small and dilapidated.

There was a young man called Yanhui, who was so poor that his family lived in a small, dilapidated house with insufficient food and clothing.
4 为了实现儿时的梦想，我毫不犹豫地选择了化学专业。四川大学录取了我， 这领我心满意足。四处大学是中国的重点高校，有着近百年的悠久历史。

For making my dream come true, I chose chemistry without hesitation. I was admitted by Sichuan university, key university of China with nearly one hundred history, which made me satisfied.

In order to realize my childhood dream, I chose chemistry without the slightest hesitation, and to my great satisfaction, I was admitted into Sichuan University, one of China’s famous universities with a history of nearly 100 years.

5 上海有一千三百多万人口，是世界上最大的城市之一。

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world with more than thirteen million people.

Shanghai, with a population of over thirteen million, is one of the largest cites in the world.
6. 小李是一位新生。他来自南方的一个省份。小李说一口方言，我们觉得很难听懂他说话。

Xiaoli, coming from a south province, is a new student, whose dialect is so heavy that makes it difficult to understand him.

Xiaoli, a freshman from a southern province, speaks a dialect (which is)difficult for us to understand.

7. 上周五我去机场为一位老朋友送行，他应美国州立大学的邀请，即将飞往该国讲学一年。

I said goodbye to an old friend in the airport last Friday, who would fly to an American state University to give lectures for one year for their invitation.

Last Friday, I went to the airport to see an old friend off, who was flying to the United State at the invitation of a state university to give lectures there for a year.

8. 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。依照法律被剥夺选举权和被选举权的人除外。

All citizen, whose age is over eighteen, have the right to vote and be voted, except those who is deprived of these rights by law.

Citizens above the age 18 have the right to vote and elected./ to be elected

All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election, with the exception of persons deprived of these rights by law.

9中国已经成功地发射了第一课试验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。

China has launched the first testing communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has run faultlessly, signs that our carriers and electric technology has entered a new stage.

The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics

10. 有一种电流表叫做动铁式电流表，如图25所示。这种电流表用于测量电流强度。

One kind of ammeter, called a moving-iron ammeter, used to measure the strength of electric currents is shown in fig.25. 【用同位语合句】

汉译英翻译(13)

1. 一双（条）…. 45.一个橘子

2. 一双鞋子 46.一只钢笔

3. 一双袜子 47.一只铅笔

4. 一条长裤 48.一只杯子

5. 一条短裤 49.什么颜色

6. 一条裙子 50.黑白相间

7. 一套，一串，一副，一组 51.请拼写它

8. 一串钥匙 52.我的名字

9. 请求，恳求（给予） 52.你的名字

10. 我能帮你吗？ 53.他的名字

11. 快点儿 54.她的名字

12. 劳驾，请原谅 55。认识你很高兴

13. 名字 56.你好！

14. 无疑，肯定 57.我的朋友

15. 早上好！ 58.在中国

16. 下午好！ 59.两张漂亮的照片

17. 晚上好！ 60.在第一张照片中

18. 从……到…… 61.在下一张照片中

19. 生日快乐！ 62.我的狗的名字

20. （表示祝愿）过得愉快！2 63.一张…的照片

21. 给你 64.失物招领处

22. （询问消息或提出建议）…怎么样？…好吗？2

23. 你好吗？ 65.电脑游戏（机）

24. （购物时）…多少钱？ 66.玩电脑游戏

25. …多大年纪？…几岁了？ 67.玩游戏

26. 学生卡，身份证 68.和…玩游戏

27. 用英语 69.和…..玩…..

28. 用汉语 70.学校图书馆

29. 姓氏2 71.给……打电话

30. 中学，初中 72.给……发电子邮件

31. 飞机模型 73.在沙发上

32. 铅笔盒，文具盒 74.在椅子下

33. 再见 75.在桌子下

34. 磁带播放机 76.打篮球

35. 电话号码2 77.那听起来不错

36. 为…而感谢你（们） 78.通过电视，在电视上

37. 思考，思索，考虑 79.下课后

38. 看电视 80.晚饭后

39. 别客气，不用谢 81.然（随）后，在那之后

40. 一把尺子 81.同一所学校

41. 一副地图 82.去同一所学校上学

42. 一件夹克衫 83.体育明星

43. 一把钥匙 84.运动鞋

44. 一床被子 85.做运动

86.饮食习惯

87.健康食品

88.最后一个问题

89.想要做某事

90.以很优惠的价格

91.服装店

92.大甩卖，大减价

93.英语测验

94.篮球赛

96.排球赛

97.足球赛

98.生日聚会

99.学校开放日

100.学校旅行

101.英语日（节）

102.图书特卖

103.艺术节

104.一节美术课

105一个忙碌的学期

106.最喜欢的学科

107.第二天

108.在周一

109.长达两小时

110.一小时

111.难但是有趣的

112.水果沙拉

113.上体育课

114.下周

115.好朋友

116.老朋友

117.名单

118.家庭关系图，家谱

119.在我的家庭中

120.在你的头上

121.在书柜里

122.迟到

123.足球

各单元核心考点归纳：

预备单元：共三个单元

考点1.掌握26个字母的书写格式和笔画顺序：见课本S2,S6,S10

考点2.5个元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu

考点3.一天中不同时间段的问候语

早上见面时用：

下午见面时用：

晚上见面时用：

初次见面时的客套用语：Nice to meet you!或How do you do?

考点4.询问身体状况的句型及回答

考点5.thanks=thank you 的用法：在英语国家，当得到对方的称赞、夸奖及祝福时，应表示感谢。

考点6.请求拼写单词的句子有：Spell it, please和How do you spell it ?

考点7.表示用某种语言用介词in 例如：in English, in Chinese

考点8.it的用法：回答What’s this/that in English?句型时，通常用it 代替this/that应用It’s a/an……

考点8.冠词a/an/the 的用法：第一次提到某物且是单数时用a/an（一个…） 元音开头时用an,辅音开头时用a ,但是第二次提到某物或特指时用the（这）

考点9.特殊疑问词的选择：根据问答一致的原则来选择。常用特殊疑问词见同步练习册121页。

考点10.询问物品颜色(或对颜色提问)用What color什么颜色，句型为

What color is/are…..?

回答：It’s +颜色.或They’re+颜色.

Unit 1 My name’s Gina.

考点1.自我介绍（姓名、年龄）常用句型

My name is +名字. 或 I’m +名字.

I’m +数字. 或 My age is +数字.

考点2.询问别人名字的句型

What’s your/his/her name?

回答My/His/Her name is +名字.

也可以是I’m/He’s/She’s +名字.

注意：表示某人的名字时，name前只能用形容词的物主代词my, your, his, her而不能用人称代词I/you/he/she

考点3.确认人物：…是某某吗？

Are you +名字？ Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

Is he/she +名字？ Yes, he/she is. /No, he/she isn’t.

考点4.询问别人的电话号码的句型

What’s your/his/her telephone number?

回答时三种方式：

直接回答电话号码.

It’s +电话号码.

My/His/Her telephone number is +电话号码.

考点5. be动词的用法

be动词的三种形式：am/is/are

用法口决：我I用am，你you用are，is连着他、她、它，单数名词用is，复数名词全用are;变一般疑问句，把am/is/are提前，变否定，更容易，在am/is/are后加not,疑问否定任你变。

考点6.形容词性物主代词：my/your/his/her/our/your/their的用法

形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词，且放在名词前作定语

名词性物主代词：mine/yours/his/hers/ours/yours/theirs的用法

名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能再加名词

Unit 2 This is my sister.

考点1.向他人介绍某人

This is my …. 这是我的…

That’s my ….. 那是我的…

These are my ….这些是我的…

Those are my … 那些是我的…

注意：介绍某人的句型变为一般疑问句Is this/that …?或 Are these/those…?后，就成为了指认人物的句型。

考点2.辨认人物：她/他/他（她、它）们是谁？

Who’s she? She’s my sister.

Who’s he? He’s my brother.

Who’re they? They’re my parents.

考点3.表达祝愿

Have a good day (time)!

Thanks/Thank you!

Unit 3 Is this your pencil?

考点1.确认物品所属关系的句型：即为物品找到主人

Is this/that your pencil? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.

Are these/those your schoolbags? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t

考点2.打扰别人时或要问别人问题时所用的礼貌用语：Excuse me

考点3.询问消息、征询意见或提出建议用：What about…?或 How about…?

考点4.表示感谢的用语及答语：Thank you for your help!

You’re welcome.

考点5.给某人打电话的用语：Call…at…

给某人发电子邮件的用语：e-mail…at…

Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag?

考点1.询问物品的位置或对位置提问用：Where在哪里，句型为

Where is/are +物品？

回答：It’s +in/on/under the…它在…里面/上面/下面

或 They’re +in/on/under the…它们在…里面/上面/下面

考点2.确认物品的位置的句型

Is/Are +物品+in/on/under the…?

Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.

Yes, they are./No, the aren’t.

考点3.表明自己的主观想法或看法用：I think…我想/认为…

考点4.know 知道；了解，常见的句型有：I know我知道/I don’t know我不知道

考点5.描述物品的位置句型：物品+is/are +in/on/under the …

考点6.名词所有格：通常在名词或人名的末尾加’s构成所有格，表示：…的，但是以s结尾的复数名词变为所有格时只加’

考点7.方位介词in/on/under的用法

in 意为 在…里面（中）

on 意为 在…上面

under意为 在…下面

Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?

考点1.have(有)的第三人称单数形式为：has(有)

考点2.含有have/has的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句

肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句I/We/You/They have don’t have Do you/they have…?

He/she/人名 has doesn’t have Does he/she have…?

有 没有 某人有…吗？

考点3.let引导的祈使句常用来提出建议

Let 后人称代词时用宾格: Let me/us/him/her…

Let’s后接动词原型：Let’s go/play….

考点4.就对方的建议提出看法：That sounds good.

Unit6. Do you like bananas/

考点1. like(喜欢)的第三人称单数形式为：likes

考点2.含有like/ likes的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句

肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句I/We/You/They like don’t like Do you/they like …?

He/she/人名 likes doesn’t like Does he/she like …?

喜欢 不喜欢 某人喜欢…吗？

考点3.want(想要，需要)的常见搭配

后接名词：意为想要某物

后接动词不定式to: 意为想要做某事

考点4.介词for常与一日三餐breakfast/lunch/dinner名称搭配使用，表示各餐所吃的食物。

考点5.可数名词与不可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词只有单数形式。

可数名词的复数形式的变化规则见同步练习册83页

Unit7. How much are these socks?

考点1.询问物品的价格（或对价格提问）用：how much多少钱，句型为

How much is/are +物品？

回答：It’s +价钱

或 They’re +价钱

考点2.英语中常见的购物用语

Can I help you? Yes, please.

How much is/are…? I’ll take it.

Here you are . Thank you You’re welcome.

考点3.基数词的写法

0-12 是独立的单词，需要逐一记忆

13-19 由其个位数后加teen构成，但要注意13,15,18的写法

20-90整十位数，以ty结尾，但要注意20,30,40,50,80的写法

Unit8. When is your birthday?

考点1.询问生日或对日期提问用：when 什么时候，句型为

When is…? 回答 It’s on+月份 +日期（用序数词）.

考点2.询问年龄或对年龄提问用：how old 几岁了？多大年纪？句型为How old is/are+某人? 回答I’m/He’s/She’s …years old.

考点3.基数词变为序数词

与基数词one, two, three相对应的序数词分别是first, second, third

从第四到第十九、整十数均以th结尾

表示第几十几，只要将个位数变为序数词

序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成考点4.介词on, in, at表述时间概念时的区别

在Monday/Tuesday….Sunday前用介词on

表示在早上、在下午及在晚上；或在某年、某月前用介词in,但是月后面还有日时，介词要用on

表示在具体的某一时刻即钟点前用介词at

Unit9. My favorite subject is science.

考点1.谈论某人最喜欢的科目的句型为

What’s your/his/her favorite subject?

回答My/His/Her favorite subject is + 科目.

注意：表示某人最喜爱时，favorite前只能用形容词性物主代词my/your/his/her等或是名词所有格，而不能用人称代词I/you/he/she等

考点2.询问原因并给出理由

Why……?

Because…..

考点3.常用特殊疑问词辨析：见同步练习册121页

汉译英翻译(14)

汉译英短文翻译

1

近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字）

难点注释：

1）城市化urbanization

2）加速阶段an accelerating phase

3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems

4）远非?一所能及surpass

5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit

2

世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）

难点注释：

1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS

2）头号罪魁the chief culprit

3）使……丧失deprive of

4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV

3

当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字）

难点注释：

1）传真机fax machines

2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment

3）占主导地位dominate

4

2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字）

难点注释：

1）数码相机digital camera

2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards

3）按快门press the shutter

4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen

5

由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。（113字）

难点注释：

1）流行popularity

2)自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself

3）不无相关have to do with

4）容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable

5）吸收take into

6

多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息：尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。（113字）

难点注释：

1）得到信息get the message

2）尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity

3）自尊self-esteem

4）儿童心理学家child psychologist

5）得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different conclusion

7

会议期间，有3个问题受到了特别重视，它们是：加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人；调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展；努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。（100字）

难点注释：

1）受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention

2）加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen

3）调整和改进readjust and optimize

4）区域性经济regional economies

5）下岗工人laid-off workers

8

当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。（120字）难点注释：

1）人才talented professionals.

2）海外留学生overseas students

3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of

4）引进人才introduce talented people from outside

5）银行、保险业banking，insurance industry

6）国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise

9

我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）

难点注释：

1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth

4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas

10

温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（120字）

难点注释：

1）温哥华Vancouver

2）多民族团体multi-ethnic groups

3）智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people

4）地广人稀a vast，under-populated country

5）不是本地出生的not born locally

11

人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达50万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织；而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。（128字）

难点注释：

1）万亿trillion

2）相互联系，相互依赖interrelated and interdependent

3）影响其余的所有肌体组织handic即all the rest of the organism

4）最终导致end by...，lead to...

l2

不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（115字）

难点注释：

1）直译与意译literal translation and free translation

2）不同程度地to some extent

3）多采用be preferable to（something）

4）文献literatures，documents

5）关键在于the crux lies in

6）以情动人的作品emotional works

7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works

13

从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。（105字）

难点注释：

1）20世纪中叶the mid-20th century

2）奋斗endeavor

3）民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated

4）历史伟业historic cause

14

中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。（123字）

难点注释：

1）经历undergo

2）国家的事业an undertaking of the state

3）体育运动网network for physical culture

4）列人国家预算 include in the state budget

5）可喜的成绩gratifying achievement

15

展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。（127字）

难点注释：

1）极为重要的时期an extremely important period

2）全球化趋势the economic globalization trend

3）周边国家neighboring countries

4）严峻挑战severe challenge

5）跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds

16

森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。（122字）

难点注释：

1）调节气候regulate climate

2）保持水土conserve water and soil

3）防风固沙wall off wind，fix sands

4）消毒杀菌sterilize（purify）the air

5）生态平衡ecological balance

17

许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。（112字）

难点注释：

1）致癌物质cancer-causing substances

2）每立方米per cubic meter

3）含水量moisture content

18

到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。（101字）

难点注释：

1） 癌症的发病率cancer rate

2）世界健康组织The World Health Organization

3）无法避免inevitable

19

生物学家发现，每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。（112字）

难点注释：

1）信天翁albatross

2）紧急措施urgent action

3）灭绝extinguish，be wiped out

4）耐力endurance

20

据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。（122字）

难点注释：

1）持续减少continue to decline

2）替代率replacement rate

3）人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline

答案

1

In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.

2

Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.

3

In today"s China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.

4

Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don"t have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.

5

The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.

6

For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.

7

During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers" income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．

8

In today"s world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.

9

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.

10

Vancouver"s prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.

11

A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.

12

Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.

13

All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.

14

China"s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People"s Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.

15

Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China"s economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.

16

Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man"s health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.

17

Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.

18

Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization"s World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.

19

Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.

20

According to researchers" estimate，Europe"s population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.

汉译英翻译(15)

（1）

没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。人，得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于暗淡。有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的。不管是望梅止渴，还是画饼充饥，它都会激励你不停手中的桨，去追逐哪怕一星微小的火光。 

    土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人没有了盼，还剩什么? 小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生。 

人，是绝不能没有盼头的。

A day without hope would be unimaginably pale. There must be something to look forward to each day to brighten one"s life and keep it out of shadows. To a person cherishing hopes every morning rises a new sun. Even if it is a fantasy or an illusion, so long as it shows a ray of hope it still urges you on in pursuit of that little sparkle without letup. 

Deprived of moisture content, soil turns into desert. Deprived of hope, what is there left to a person? A small hope sustains a person for a day, a great one for a lifetime. 

Human beings cannot do without something to look forward to. 

（2）

早在公元前11世纪，我国先民已经使用铜镜了。战国时期，铜镜在民间盛行。镜的正面磨光发亮，背面有的饰单层或双层花纹，常见的有兽面纹、花叶纹、龙凤纹等。西汉时期，铜镜较厚重，纹饰多几何图案、神人和禽兽纹等。并有铸刻铭文，每句仅三至四字，例如：“长相思”、“毋相忘”、“常富贵”、“乐未央”等。内容多是通俗的吉祥语。宋、元时期出现了圆镜、长方镜、菱镜、八棱镜和带柄手镜等。清代以后，逐渐被玻璃镜所代替。

Our ancestors started to use bronze mirrors in as early as the11th century B.C. During the Warring States Period, bronze mirrors prevailed among the populace. The front side of the 

mirrors, after being polished, glistens while the backside is embellished with single-layered ordouble-layered patterns, among which the commonly seen are thus- of animal faces, flowers 

and leaves, dragons and phoenixes. During the Western Han Period, the bronze mirrors used 

to be relatively thick and heavy. Most of the decorative patterns were of geometrical forms, 

supernatural figures, or fowls and animals, accompanied by inscriptions of only three or four characters with such meanings as "eternal love", "never to forget", "wealth for ever" and "everlasting happiness". The content frequently dealt with common well-wishings. During the 

Song and Yuan Dynasties the bronze mirrors appeared in all shapes: round, rectangular, 

rhomboidal, octagonal, and those with a handle. Since the Qing Dynasty, however, the bronze mirror has gradually given way to the glass mirror.

（3）

我爱花，所以也爱养花。我可还没成为养花专家， 因为没有工夫去做研究和试验。我只把养花当作生活中的一种乐趣，花开得大小好坏都不计较， 只要开花，我就高兴。在我的小院中，到夏天，满是花草，小猫儿们只好上房去玩耍，地上没有它们的运动场。花虽多，但无奇花异草。珍贵的花草不易养活，看着一棵好花生病欲死是件难过的事。我不愿时时落泪。

汉译英翻译(16)

汉译英翻译：

51.尊敬老人

尊敬老人是中华民族的传统美德之一。重阳节的设立就是要倡导人们遵守孝道、尊敬老人。中国的法律规定赡养父母是成年子女的责任。不和父母一起住的成年子女要给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活。但是，由于社会的发展和生活的压力，现在越来越多的年轻人很少回家探望父母。2013年7月，政府把“常回家看看”写进法律。

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52. 信用卡

信用卡在1985年引入中国。此后，信用卡的发卡量以惊人的速度增长，到2011年达到了2.85亿张。信用卡给消费者带来诸多好处。用卡付账时，持卡人不需要携带大量现金，还会经常得到一些额外的奖励。而且，持卡人还可以从发卡机构获得一定数额的贷款。然而，信用卡也常常使持卡人过渡消费，购买一些他们并不真正需要的商品。

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53. 中国家庭

家庭是社会的基本单位，其结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里，绝大部分家庭是几世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年来，中国的家庭观念发生了很大的变化，中国家庭的结构也随之改变了许多。人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和主干家庭，也出现了众多的由一对夫妇和未婚子女组成的核心家庭。

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54.中国汽车业

中国的汽车业在近30年间取得了巨大的成就。在20世纪70年代，中国每年生产的轿车还不足3000辆。而在去年，我国轿车的产销量都突破了1000万辆，位居全球之首。中国的品牌车已经有了长足的进步。一些中国的一流厂家，如上汽集团和吉利汽车，正开始在国外推出品牌去年他们出口了90万辆轿车，而这个数量还会不断增加。

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55. 中国杂技

中国杂技有着悠久的历史和浓郁的民族特色。它是中国人最喜爱的艺术形式之一。杂技的表演融合了力量和技巧。它与人们的生产和日常生活有着密切的联系，表演的道具包括碗、盘子和梯子等。在旧中国，因为被封建阶级瞧不起，杂技从未在剧场里表演过。自新中国成立以来，中国政府大力发展民族艺术，使杂技获得了新的生命。

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56.古都西安

西安是中国古代13个王朝的首都。毫无疑问，它是中国历史与文化的完美代表。西安居于“中国古都”之首，在中国历史上建都时间最长、影响力最大。它是丝绸之路的起点，是中华文明的发祥地。西安到处都是令人惊叹的历史奇观，因此吸引着众多的国内外游客。那里有着中国最古老、最壮观的博物馆和寺庙，其中最著名的是拥有2000年历史的兵马俑博物馆。

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57.方便面在中国的发展

1958年，一位日本人发明了方便面。虽然它没什么营养却因为美味能遏制饥饿，所以在诞生后迅猛发展。目前，中国已经成为世界上最大的方便面生产国和消费国。中国方便面的年产量大约为500亿包，占全球总产量的50%以上。对于中国这样一个人口大国来说，方便面行业的发展至关重要。它对于扩大消费和需求，特别是赈饥与救灾方面发挥着重要的作用。

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58. 典当行重生

当铺是中国最古老的金融行业之一。长期以来，它们为身处危急时刻的人们提供现金。然而在过去的几十年间，当铺渐渐消失了。如今它们正迎来一个繁荣发展的新时期。究其原因就是典当行能为顾客提供快速、便捷的金融服务。此外，黄金、珠宝、手表以及其他值钱的东西都可以典当。到前年底，全国已有5000多间典当行，总交易额超过2000亿人民币。

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59. 姚明重返校园

姚明是中国第一位国际篮球巨星，身价超过10亿美元。前年，姚明因复发性足部和腿部伤病退出赛场。4个月后，他在上海一知名学府注册入校。学校为他量身定做了学位课程，并主要采取单独授课的方式。据一家官方媒体报道，这位前篮球明星对学习有着强烈的愿望。不过姚明也表示恐怕事情太多，没那么多时间学习。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________60. 大龄神女

剩女通常指那些30岁或以上还单身的女性。在城市里，越来越多受过良好教育的职业女性加入到剩女的行列，所以剩女大多有着高收入。虽然一些剩女宣称“我单身，我快乐”，剩女问题却开始引起人们广泛关注，成为一个社会问题。为此，中国的一些地方政府开始着手安排相亲活动，希望未婚女性在那里能遇到自己心仪的对象。

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61. 微电影时代

2010年，微电影《老男孩》被贴在一个视频网站并大受欢迎。从此，微电影开始盛行。微电影的长度从3分钟到半小时不等。成本低廉，拍摄过程简单，这使得很多草根艺人得以有机会来拍摄。人们喜欢在线观看电视节目的偏好也为微电影的发展提供了绝佳的机会。在这个快节奏的社会里，微电影正好可以解决人们没有太多时间来娱乐的问题。

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62. 央视春节联欢晚会

春节是中国最重要的节日。观看春节联欢晚会是中国人庆祝春节的一个重要组成部分。这个一年一度的晚会由中央电视台直播，从除夕之夜晚上8点开始，持续约4个小时。晚会节目丰富多彩，以音乐、舞蹈、喜剧和戏剧表演为主。观众在观看节目的同时还可以通过电话、短信和互联网为自己喜爱的节目投票。评选结果会在15天之后的元宵节晚会上公布。

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63.水稻

在中国，水稻生产是国民经济的重要组成部分。中国人早在公元前4000年就开始了水稻种植，而后逐渐传播到世界各地。目前，中国是世界上最大的水稻生产国，水稻产量占世界产量的26%。我国水稻主要种植于长江沿岸及南方各省份。米饭是中国人，特别是南方人，非常重要的主食。此外，水稻还可以用来酿酒、制糖及用作工业原料。

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64. 维吾尔族

维吾尔族是中国的一个少数民族。维吾尔族人喜欢喝奶茶，吃肉和用面粉烤制的馕。他们有自己的语言和文字。他们的文学具有一种独特的民族风格，其中“阿凡提的故事”深受中国各族人民的喜爱。维吾尔族是个能歌善舞的民族，每逢节日和婚礼，他们都会邀请客人和他们一起跳传统民间舞蹈。他们的民歌优美动听，被广泛传唱。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________65. 上海世博会

2010年世界博览会于5月1日至10月31日在中国上海举行。世博会吸引了190个国家和56个国际组织参展。超过7300万中外游客参观了世博园，参观人数是历届世博会中最多的一次。这届世博会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”，体现了人类对更适宜居住环境、更美好生活的愿望。在世博园里所有的展馆中，中国展馆是最受欢迎的场馆之一。

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66. 清明上河图

《清明上河图》是中国名画之一。它为北宋画家张择端所作，现收藏于故宫博物院。《清明上河图》宽25.5厘米，长525厘米。画卷里，画家描绘了北宋清明时节都城的自然风光和人们的日常生活。《清明上河图》内容丰富，绘有大量的人物、树木、动物、车辆、建筑和船只。因其具有很高的历史价值和艺术价值，《清明上河图》被视为国宝。

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67.教师节改期

在中国，9月10日的教师节是一个很重要的节日。这一天，人们用各种方式表达对教师的敬意。近年来，许多专家一直希望变更教师节的日期。一些研究中国传统文化的学者提出，教师节应该有其历史文化内涵。不久前，相关部门拟将教师节改至9月28日。那天被认为是孔子诞辰日。作为“先师”，孔子是中国历史上最重要的教育家及哲学家。

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68.和亲

和亲政策可以追溯到西汉时期。当时西汉政府为了缓和与匈奴的关系，将公主嫁给匈奴部落的首领。人们对和亲一直有着不同的看法。有人对和亲持肯定态度，因为和亲可以停止战争，与少数民族建立和平友好的关系。而另一些人则认为和亲政策是一种妥协和投降。总的来说，和亲政策有利有弊，应放在当时的历史环境下来考虑。

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69.学中文热

近年来，随着政治及经济实力的不断提升，学中文的外国人越来越多。据统计，全球约有三千万人正在学习中文，而这一人数还在不断增加。在加拿大，虽然觉得汉语十分难学，但人们学中文的兴趣却与日俱增。他们喜欢中国文化，也意识到学习中文预示着更多的机遇。如今，孔子学院遍布世界各地，致力于推广中国文化及语言。

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70. 马可.波罗游历中国

马可.波罗是来自意大利的著名旅行家。他于1275年到达元朝的首都。从那时起他在中国游历17年，访问了中国的许多城市。回到意大利后，马可.波罗与他人合作，写下了《马可.波罗游记》。在这本书里，马可.波罗描绘了一个辉煌的东方世界，详细介绍了中国的著名城市。该书一出版，就受到了欧洲人的热烈欢迎，激起他们对东方文明的兴趣。

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71.风筝

在中国，风筝具有独特的艺术价值。风筝首先出现在春秋时代的战争中。随着时代的发展，现在风筝已成为一项世界性的体育和休闲活动。风筝的主要材料为竹子和纸，并加以各种绘画来装饰。风筝具有各种形状，如昆虫、金鱼和云彩等，大的可以达数百平方米，最小的甚至可以放在信封里。这些富有魅力的风筝反映了手工艺人的高超技艺。

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72.乒乓球

提到中国体育不能不说乒乓球。乒乓球为中国赢得了无数个世界冠军，给国人带来无穷的喜悦与自豪感。此外，乒乓球一直是中国人最喜爱的运动之一。无论在学校、社区，还是公园、广场，都可以看到乒乓球和人们挥拍的身影。上至花甲老人，下至年幼孩童都可以挥上几拍，这也是乒乓球被称为中国国球的另一原因。

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73.七夕节

七夕节是中国最具浪漫色彩的传统节日。每年农历七月初七就是七夕节，亦称“乞巧节”。七夕节起源于中国古代牛郎和织女的爱情神话，他们的故事感动了一代又一代的中国人。许多有情男女会在七夕的晚上祈祷自己的姻缘美满，期望“有情人终成眷属”。近年来，越来越多的都市青年男女把这个节日当作“中国情人节”来过。

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74.舞狮

舞狮是中国的一种传统舞蹈形式，在重大节日和隆重活动中经常可以看到。舞狮起源于三国时期，至今已有1000多年的历史。舞狮一般由两人表演，一人舞狮头，另一人舞狮身和狮尾。表演者在锣鼓音乐的伴奏下，表演狮子的各种动作。舞狮随着华人移居海外而闻名世界，尤其是在东南亚国家，但每一个国家和地区都有自己的舞狮风格。

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75.西湖

西湖是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。它位于浙江省省会杭州，水域面积约6平方公里。几个世纪以来，西湖一直以其秀美风景和文化古迹而闻名于世。西湖三面环山，一面临城，春夏秋冬各有特色，将自然、历史、艺术巧妙地融合在一起。每年西湖都会吸引上千万的游客到杭州观光旅游，杭州也因其自身的魅力被称之为“人间天堂”。

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76.新交规

在中国，交通安全是一个难题。据公安部统计，去年有6.2万人死于交通事故。最近出台的新交规正是改善交通安全的最新举措。新修订的交规大大加重了对违规司机的处罚力度。更为严厉的处罚必定会迫使司机遵守交规。专家表示，要想提升交通安全，就需要采取各种综合措施来配合，而交通法规知识解决我国交通安全问题的其中一个方面。

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77.中国园林

迄今为止中国园林已有3000多年的悠久历史。中国园林不仅是一种建筑形式，更是中国文化的标志。它集传统建筑、园艺、绘画和雕刻为一体，具有超高的艺术水平和独特风格。中国园林体现了中华民族的创造力和审美观。中国园林种类繁多，其中以江南的苏州园林最为著名。苏州园林以其幽静、优雅与和谐文明于世。

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78.高考英语改革

据报道，北京市教委将对高考进行改革。英语的分数由150分减为100分，而语文由150分增至180分。现行的高考制度中，语文、数学、英语三门考试分数相同。有关官员称，此次高考改革方案既是一个符合实际的决定，也是一项关乎民族自豪感的重大举措，因为它强调了母语学习的基础性重要地位。但是，也有专家称此次高考改革只是微调，不会削减英语本身的重要性。

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79.京杭大运河

京杭大运河是中国古代劳动人民创造的一项伟大工程。有着2500多年历史的大运河是世界上最古老、工程最大、里程最长的运河。春秋时期，吴国开凿了从扬州到淮安的运河。后来历经几个朝代的翻建扩建，才形成现今的京杭大运河。运河北通北京南至杭州，全长约1794公里。它对中国南北地区经济、文化发展与交流起了巨大作用。

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80. 汉语桥

“汉语桥”世界大学生中文比赛是由国家汉办主办的大规模国际性比赛。到目前为止，这个一年一度的比赛已经成功举办了12届。今年的决赛共有来自77个不同国家的123名选手参加。该赛旨在激发各国学生学习汉语的兴趣及加强世界对汉语和中国文化的了解。同时，这个比赛也建立起中国年轻大学生和其他国家学生之间沟通的桥梁。

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81. 风水

风水是一门使人与化境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。人们相信自然环境影响人的命运。他们期望通过调整建筑的设计与布局，达到人与环境和谐，并使人得益于环境。风水也有迷信的一面。如今风水在中国城市的年轻人中已不太时兴，但在中国的农村、香港、台湾地区以及新加坡和马来西亚，风水仍然流行。

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82.铁路发展

中国的铁路建设始于清朝末年。自新中国成立后，中国的铁路得到了飞速发展。目前中国拥有仅次于美国和俄罗斯的全球第三大铁路网。在中国，铁路是国家重要的基础设施、大众化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。据报道，中国将优先发展西部地区，特别是贫困地区的铁路，引导当地人民走向致富之路。

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83. 北京胡同

胡同是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源于蒙古语的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。

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84.高校博物馆

馆藏丰富的高校博物馆无疑是一座“宝藏”。但令人遗憾的是，这座宝藏一直很少受到关注。最近，北京的一些高校公开表示将向公众免费开放校内博物馆。这一举动为学术馆藏走进普通大众提供了一个良好的开端。但相对于许多世界一流学府的博物馆一直都是游客和学者前往的著名景点而言，国内的高校博物馆仍然有待发掘。

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85.李白

李白是唐朝的著名诗人。他和他的朋友杜甫是唐代中期中国诗歌繁盛时期最杰出的两位人物。他一生四处游历，写下了大约1000首诗篇。这些诗堪称是赞美友情、享受大自然和饮酒作乐的模板。他的诗浪漫、豪迈、想象力丰富。作为一个浪漫主义天才，李白把中国的传统诗歌形式推向了一个新的高度，对后世的诗歌产生了深远的影响。

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86.十二生肖

为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份，即“十二生肖”。每一年由一种动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始，以猪尾结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵。例如，牛年出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和日本也很流行。

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87. 英剧在华流行

在中国视频网站上，英剧已然成为新的焦点。中国一些主要门户网站近日已经发布近1000集英剧。这些网站开始探索新的市场。中国著名的视频网站-----搜狐日前也在运营英国频道，其中既包含英剧，也有英国音乐。相比于美剧，英剧更短小精悍，也更深奥。根据中国一家公司的报告显示，中国的英剧爱好者多位受过良好教育的年轻一族。

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88.中国式婚礼

中国传统婚礼反映着中国的哲学思想。婚礼上总是用红色的东西来表达祝福和尊重。这是因为中国人将红色看作是幸福、成功和好运的象征。婚姻不仅是一对新人的结合，也象征着两个家庭的结合。邀请亲朋好友来参加婚礼体现着人与人之间的关系和礼节。婚礼上奏乐的声音通常很响，响到足以让自然“听到”，同时也证明婚姻的重要性。

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89. 中国汉字书写退化

复杂的汉字书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝。而这一体系正面临着退化的命运。随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的现象越来越常见。若不借助电子产品的帮助，很多人难以写出10万个日常用字。为此，中央电视台开播了一档汉字听写比赛节目，以引起人们对汉字的重视，帮助观众提高汉字书写能力。

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90.中国体育

中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立才成为一项国家事业。在过去的50多年中，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。2008年，北京成功举办了第29届奥运会，使这次奥运会成为弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的一次盛会。目前，为更好地发展中国体育，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来了。

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91.中国形象宣传片

每个国家的形象宣传片都希望能让世界更好地了解中国。中国国家形象宣传片在纽约的播放引起了世界关注。这则长达60秒的宣传片以中国红为主色调，通过文化和生活方式展现中国的“软实力”。宣传片展示了中国各行各业的代表，包括名人和许多面带微笑的普通百姓。中国希望通过该宣传片提升国家形象，展现一个繁荣发展、民主进步的中国。

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92.“土豪”新词

眼下，“土豪”当属中国最热门词汇之一，用来指称那些受教育不多且品味差的富人们。这是中国网友运用聪明才智和创造力为老词注入新生命的又一个例子。“土豪”曾指那些有钱有势、剥削农民的地主们。几年前，当中国魔兽玩家用它来指代那些为强大的虚拟武器一掷千金的有钱玩家时，它的意思就彻底变了。如今，“土豪”这个词已经被引入日常语言之中。

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93.春节假日经济

在春节期间，消费热潮达到了顶点。越来越多的人走出家门到餐馆吃年夜饭。在春节前的几个月，很多餐馆就已经被订满了。珠宝店和服装店同样生意兴隆。春节也是娱乐最佳时机。去年春节黄金周期间电影的票房总收入高达4.8亿元。年轻人喜欢利用春节假期进行旅游，因此尽管门票和食宿价格飞涨，景区里还是人山人海。

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94. 国际道路运输路线

不久前，一条新的国际道路运输路线开通。这条线路连接广西崇左市和越南下龙市，长达400公里。它将两个城市之间的公路出行时间缩短至7.5小时。这两个城市的旅游业都有着良好的发展前景。崇左市因其美丽的跨国瀑布和独具魅力的民族文化吸引了大量的游客。下龙市则毗邻越南著名的旅游胜地下龙湾。中越两国都希望借此线路促进两国旅游业的发展。

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95. 公共场所禁烟

中国实行在公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。此举旨在遏制死于与吸烟有关的疾病的人数，并保护那些不抽烟民众的健康。然而禁烟令的有效性却遭到了质疑，因为它没有明确规定如何处罚那些违反规定的人。在中国，大约有3亿烟民。很多商家因为抽烟客人的抱怨并不欢迎禁烟令。禁烟令涉及的公共场所包括酒店、饭店、剧院和火车站候车室等，却不包括包公场所。

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96.农民工

中国的农民工是从农村到城市来寻找工作的农民。他们在建筑工地、工厂、饭店以及家政服务业寻求工作。这些农民工推动着中国经济的快速增长。据报道，去年中国有1.67亿农民工。这个庞大的群体时常面临着被拖欠工资、缺乏工伤赔偿和医疗保障，以及子女上学难等诸多问题。近几年，中国政府日益改善农民工的权益。

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97.丝绸之路

丝绸之路是中国古代的一条商业贸易路线。丝绸之路以古代中国的政治、经济、文化中心---古都长安为起点，一直延伸至中亚、北非、和欧洲。它最初的作用是出口中国生产的丝绸。随着时间的推移，丝绸之路逐渐变成了一条连接东西方的主要道路，促进了东西方的经济文化交流。后来，有学者把所有沟通中西方的商路统称为丝绸之路。

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98.智能手机

智能手机日益渗入人们的生活。许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它。在大街上，经常可以看到一些年轻人不停地用智能手机拍照，添加一段说明，然后放到微博或微信上。的确，智能手机为人们的沟通提供了前所未有的便利：它让人们能随时随地与朋友互动，分享新鲜事。但是，相关学者对此也表示了担忧。因为智能手机反而使身边的人疏远了。

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99.重阳节

中国的重阳节由来已久。人们普遍认为重阳节源于“辟邪”。这一天的活动，包括登山、赏菊、喝菊花酒等。随着时间的推移，它变成了一个庆祝的节日。这天，家人团聚在一起，也会纪念家族的祖先。1989年，我国把这一天定为老人节，表达我们对老人的尊敬与爱戴，使这个节日在新的历史时期继续发挥文化传承的作用。

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100.比较烤鸭

俗话说，“到北京，不到长城非好汉，不吃烤鸭真遗憾！”烤鸭是北京的地方风味，已有1600多年的历史。对于那些想更多地了解中国菜和中国文化习俗的人来说，北京烤鸭就是一个不错的选择。脆皮和嫩肉是北京烤鸭的特点。北京最出名的老字号烤鸭店是“全聚德”。创建于1864年的全聚德备受各国元首、政府官员及国内外游客喜爱。

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51.Respecting the elderly is one of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. The Double Ninth Festival is to advocate filial piety and respect for the elders. China’s law defines that it is grown-up children’s responsibility to support their parents. Grown-up children living apart from their parents should give parents the living allowances and help them with the house work. However, due to the development of society and the pressure from life, now more and more young people fail to go home often to visit their parents. In July, 2013, “regularly visit aging parents” was put into the law.

52.The credit card was introduced into China in 1985. Since then, credit cards were issued at an astonishing rate, reaching 285 million by 2011. Credit cards bring consumers a variety of benefits. When paying the bills with credit cards, card holders don’t need to carry large amounts of cash and they are frequently offered some extra rewards. In addition, card holders can get a certain amount of loans from the card issuing institutions. However, card holders are often encouraged to overspend and purchase the goods they don’t really need.

53.Family is the basic unit of the society. Its structure changes along with the development of the society. In China’s feudal society which lasted thousand years, most families consisted of several generations, with the male members making all the important decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in Chinese family concept, and accordingly in the Chines family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller families and stem families. There also appear many nuclear families composed of a couple and their unmarried children.

54.Great achievements have been made in Chinese auto industry in the recent 30 years. In the 1970s, China was making fewer than 3000 cars a year. While in the last year, both production and sales of cars in China have exceeded 10 million, topping the world. The Chinese brand cars have made noticeable improvements. Some China’s leading makers, such as SAIC, Geely , are beginning to launch their brands overseas. Last year they exported 900 thousand cars and the number will continue to grow.

55.The Chinese acrobatics has a long history and rich national flavor. It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms. Acrobatics combines strength and skill. It closely relates to people’s production and daily life activities with props being bowls, plates, ladders, and so on. In old China, acrobatics was never performed in theatres because it was looked down upon by the feudal class. Since the founding of new China, the Chinese government has made great efforts to develop national arts, giving acrobatics a new life.

56.Xi’an is the capital of 13 ancient Chinese dynasties. It is no doubt the perfect representative of Chinese history and culture. With the longest history of being a capital and the greatest influence in China’s history, it tops all the Chinese ancient capitals. It is the starting point of the Silk Road as well as the birthplace of Chinese culture. Filled with amazing historic wonders, Xi’an is attracting a large member of tourists from home and abroad. It boasts the oldest and most spectacular museums and temples in China, among which the most famous is the 2000-year-old Terracotta Warriors Museum.

57.The instant noodle was invented by a Japanese in 1958. Despite its little nutrition, it is delicious and a hunger killer, so it has been developing rapidly since its birth. Now, China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of instant noodles. China’s annual production of instant noodles is around 50 billion packages, accounting for over 50 percent of the world’s total. For China, with such a large population, it is crucial to develop the instant noodle industry. It plays an important role in expanding consumption and demand, especially in hunger and disaster relief.

58.Pawnshops are one of the oldest financial businesses in China. They have long provided people with cash during desperate times. But over the past few decades, pawnshops have disappeared gradually. Now they are welcoming a new booming era. The reason is that pawnshops can provide swift and convenient financial services to customers. In addition, items like gold, jewellery, watches and others valuable can be pawned. By the end of the year before last, more than 5000 pawnshops were opened around the country with a total transaction of over 200 billion RMB.

59.Yao Ming is China’s first global basketball superstar with a personal wealth at more than $1 billion. Yao Ming quit the game because of repeated foot and leg injuries in the year before last. Four months later, he enrolled in a famous university in Shanghai. He is taking a tailored degree program with mostly one-on-one lectures. A state media said, the former basketball superstar had a “strong desire” for academic studies. But Yao Ming also expressed fears that he might have a tight schedule with little time for study.

60.Leftover women often refer to those who remain single at the age 30 or above. In the cities, a growing number of well educated and professional females join the ranks of leftover women, so most of them have a booming income. Though some leftover women claimed that “I am happy being single “, the phenomenon of leftover women began to widely attract social attention and became a social problem. In order to solve this problem, some local governments in China have started to organize matchmaking events, where unmarried young women are expected to meet their Mr. Rights.

61.In 2010, a micro film named Old Boy was posted on a video site and became very popular. From then on, micro films began to flourish. A micro film can last anywhere between three minutes to half an hour. Low cost coupled with easy shooting procedure gives many grassroots artists opportunities to make micro films. The preference for watching TV programs online offers a perfect opportunity for micro films. In this fast-paced society, micro films can tackle the problem of lack of entertainment time.

62.The Spring Festival is the most important holiday in China. Watching the Spring Festival Gala is an important part for Chinese people to celebrate the festival. This annual Gala is broadcast live on CCTV, which begins at 8:00 p.m. on the Chinese New Year’s Eve and lasts for about 4 hours. It produces colorful programs, featuring songs, dances, comedies and drama performances. The audience can vote on their favorite programs of the Gala by phone, by text message or through the Internet while enjoying the Gala. The results of the vote are announced 15 days later in the Lantern Festival Gala.

63.In China, rich production is an important part of the national economy. As early as 4000 B.C., the Chinese started rice cultivation which later gradually spread all over the world. At present, China is the world’s largest producer of rice, producing 26% of the world rice output. The rice crop in China grows primarily in provinces along the Yangtze River and in the South. Rice is an important staple food for Chinese , particularly the southerners. In addition, rice can be used to make wine and sugar and used as industrial materials.

64.The Uygur is an Chinese ethnic minority. Uygur people like to drink milk tea, eat meat and nang baked with flour. They have their own spoken and written languages. Uygur literature is of a unique ethnic style, among which the Story of Afanti is favored by all ethnic groups in China. The Uygur people are good at singing and dancing. They will invite guests to join them in their traditional folk dance in festivals and wedding ceremonies. Their folk songs sound beautiful and are widely sung.

65.World Expo 2010 was held in Shanghai from May 1 to Oct.31.190 countries and 56 international organizations participated in the Expo. More than 73 million tourists from home and abroad visited the Expo Park, reaching the largest number of attendance in all Expos. The theme of the Shanghai Expo is “Better City, Better Life”, which reflects human’s wish for a more livable environment and a better life. The China Pavillion was one of the most popular pavillions among all in the Expo Park.

66.Along the River during the Qingming Festival is one of Chinese famous paintings. Painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, this painting is now kept in the Palace Museum. The painting is 25.5 centimeters wide and 525 centimeters long. In the painting, the painter had captured the natural scenes and daily life of people of the capital during the Qingming Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty. The painting is considered as a national treasure for its very high historic and artistic values.

67.In China, the Teacher’s Day on the September 10 is an important day on which people express their respect to their teachers in a variety of ways. For some recent years, many experts have been hoping to change the date of Teacher’s Day. Some scholars in traditional Chinese culture suggested that the Teacher’s Day should have historical and cultural associations. Not long ago, the department concerned considered moving Teacher’s Day to Sept.28, which is believed to be the birthday of Confucius. As the First Teacher, Confucius is the most important educationalist and philosopher in Chinese history.

68.The policy of peace-making marriage can date back to the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the government of Western Han married its princesses to the heads of Xiongnu tribes in order to smooth out the relationship between the two parties. People always have different opinions towards the policy. Some people hold a positive attitude towards it, as peace-making marriage can put an end to the war and build up a peaceful and friendly relationship with the minority groups. But others consider the policy a kind of compromise and surrender. Generally speaking, the policy of peace-making marriage had its pros and cons, which should be considered under the historical circumstance at that time.

69.In recent years, as China’s political and economic power is on the rise, more and more foreigners are learning Chinese. According to statistics, there are about 30 million people learning Chinese around the world, and this number is still increasing. In Canada, although people find Chinese very difficult, they still show growing interest in its study. They like Chinese culture, and also realize that learning Chinese may mean more opportunities. Today, Confucius Institutes are set up worldwide, committing itself to promoting Chinese culture and language.

70.Marco Polo was a famous traveler from Italy. He arrived at the capital of the Yuan Dynasty in 1275. From then on he spent 17 years in touring China, visiting many cities around it. After he returned to Italy, he cooperated with others to write a book named The Travels of Marco Polo. In this book, Marco Polo described a glorious Eastern world, and introduced in detail some Chinese famous cities. After its publication, the book was warmly welcomed by the Europeans, arousing their interest in Eastern cultures

71.The kite is considered to have unique artistic value in China. First appeared in the wars of the Spring and Autumn Period, now with the development of times, it has become a worldwide sport and leisure activity. It is mainly made of bamboo and paper and decorated with various kinds of paintings. With different shapes such as, goldfish and cloud, a large kite can measure hundreds of square meters while the smallest can even be put into an envelope. These attractive kites show the superb skills of the craftsmen

72.When it comes to China sports, we cannot avoid mentioning table tennis. This sport has helped China win countless world championships, bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and s sense of pride. In addition, table tennis has always been one of the favorite sports of the Chinese people. You will see table tennis and its players everywhere, no matter in schools, residential areas, parks or squares. Both elder people and children are able to play it more or less. This is another reason why it is called the “Chinese National Ball”.

73.The Double Seventh Festival is the most romantic traditional Chinese festival. Also known as “Qiqiao Festival “, it falls annually on the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar. The festival came from an ancient Chinese romantic fairy tale about the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid, which has deeply moved generations of Chinese people. Many men and women in love usually pray for a happy marriage on that night, hoping for “a happy ending for true love”. In recent years, more and more youths in cities celebrate the Double Seventh Festival as Chinese Valentine’s Day.

74.Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in China, which can be often seen in important festivals and great events. With a history of over 1000 years, lion dance date back to the Three Kingdoms Period. There are usually two performers in lion dance, one handling the lion’s head, and the other playing the body and the tail. They perform all kinds of lion’s movements to the music played by gongs and drums. As the Chinese migrate abroad, lion dance is famous all over the world, especially in Southeast Asian countries, however, each country and region has its own dancing style.

75.The West Lake is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. Located in Hangzhou, provincial capital of Zhejiang Province, it covers a water area of around 6 square kilometers. For centuries, it has been well-known for both its beautiful landscape and cultural heritages. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides and the remaining side is connected with the city. It has its unique features in different seasons, combining skillfully nature, history and art. Every year, the West Lake attracts tens of millions of visitors to Hangzhou, which is known as “paradise on earth” because of its charm.

76.Road safety has become a problem in China. According to the Ministry of Public Security, 62000 people died from traffic accidents last year. The new traffic regulations put into the practice recently are the latest measure to improve road safety. The newly revised regulations impose much heavier punishment on drivers who violate traffic rules. The severer punishment will surely force drivers to follow traffic regulations. Experts say that to achieve better road safety, various and comprehensive methods are needed, and traffic regulations are only a part of the solution to the road safety problems in China.

77.Up till now, Chinese has had a long history of over 3000 years. It is not only a kind of architecture, but also a symbol of Chinese culture. With superb artistic levels and unique styles, Chinese Garden is a combination of traditional architecture, gardening, painting and carving. Chinese Garden gives expression to the creativity and taste for beauty of Chinese people. There are many kinds of Chinese Gardens, among which Suzhou Garden in the south is the most famous. Suzhou Garden is known for its peacefulness, gracefulness and harmony.

78.According to the report, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education plans to reform on the college admission test. The English score will decrease from 150 points down to 100 points while the Chinese score will increase from 150 up to 180 points. Currently, the test weighs English, Chinese and maths equally. Officials concerned said that this reform was not only a practical decision but also a matter of national pride because this change highlighted the fundamental importance of mother tongue learning. But some experts claimed that the reform was just a minor adjustment without reducing the importance of English.

79.The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by working people in ancient China. With a history of more than 2500 years, it is the longest, and the most ancient canal in the world. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu dug a canal from Yangzhou to Huai’an. Later on, the canal had been successively restored and expanded in several dynasties to the existing Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The Grand Canal reached Beijing in the north and extended to Hangzhou in the south with a length of about 1794 km. It has been playing a very important role in promoting the economic and cultural developments and exchanges between the north and the south areas in China.

80.The “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for Foreign College Students is a large scale international competition sponsored by the Office of Chinese Language Council International. So far this yearly event has been successfully held for 12 times. A total of 123 contestants from 77 different countries participated in the finals this year. The “Chinese Bridge” Competition aims to arouse the interest of students in various countries in learning Chinese and strengthen the world’s understanding of Chinese language and culture. It also builds a communication bridge between young college students of China and other countries.

81.Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment. People believe that the natural environment affects people’s fortunes. They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it through adjusting the design and layout of their houses. Fengshui is also of superstition on its side. Nowadays, it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rual areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.

82.Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has been rapidly development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the world’s third largest railway network only second to the United States and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize railway development in western regions, particularly the poor areas, to lead to wealth for local people.

83.Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing. Hutong first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty, and most of today’s Hutongs were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to experts, the word “Hutong” came from Mongolian language, meaning “a well”. Hutong has always been the living place for ordinary residents since ancient times and it’s said to be a representative of Beijing civilian culture. However, with the increase of the population, many old Hutongs have disappeared to make way for modern but not characterized high-rise buildings.

84.The university museums boasting vast collections are undoubtedly “ a palace of treasure”. Regrettably, however, this treasure has been receiving little attention. Recently, some universities in Beijing announce that their museums will grant free access to the public, which is a good start to bring academic collections closer to the general public. But as many world-class university museums have long been famous attractions for tourists and scholars, the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered.

85.Li Bai was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and his friend Du Fu were two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He traveled around the country in his lifetime, composing about 1000 pieces of poems which were models for celebrating the friendship,appreciating the nature and the joys of drinking wine. His poems are romantic with heroic style and rich imagination. As a romantic genius, Li Bai took traditional poetic forms to a new height and exerted a far-reaching influence on the poems of the future generation,

86.In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years,which is called the “Chinese Zodiac‘。 Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig. Each animal has its unique cultural connotations. For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and impatient. The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.

87.British dramas are the new focus for Chinese video websites. Some major websites in China have recently released about 1000 episodes of British dramas to explore the new market. Sohu, a famous video website in China, is running a British channel that includes not only TV dramas, but also British music. Compared with American shows, British dramas are shorter and more sophisticated. A report released by a Chinese company shows that British drama lovers in China are mostly young and well-educated.

88.Traditional Chinese weddings reflect Chinese philosophy. People always fill their weddings with red things to express blessings and respects, for they regard the color red as the symbol of happiness, success, and good luck. A marriage is not only a combination of the couple but also the symbol of the unity of two families. Inviting relatives and friends to the wedding symbolizes the relationships and the formality between people. The sound of musical instruments in the wedding is usually loud enough to make nature know and to demonstrate the importance of the marriage.

89.The complex writing system of Chinese characters is a treasure of Chinese ancient culture. But this system is facing a decline. With the rapid development and popularity of computers and smart phones comes a more commonly seen phenomenon that young people are barely able to write with pen in hand. Without the help of an electronic product, many people find it hard to write 10000 characters frequently used in daily life. Thus, the CCTV launched a program, “Chinese Character Dictation Competition”, to arouse people’s attention to Chinese characters and improve the audience’s handwriting ability.

90.China’s sports have undergone thousands of years of development. Bu it was not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded. In the past 50-odd years, great achievements have been made in China’s sports. Beijing hosted the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 successfully, making it a grand gathering that carried forward the Olympic spirit, promoted world peace, and enhanced the friendship among people of the world. Now a nationwide network for sports has been set up to develop China’s sports in a better way.

91.Any national promotional video is supposed to promote better understanding of the country. China’s promotional video aired in New York attracted the world’d attention. The 60-second video, displayed dominantly with China’s traditional red color, shows China’s “soft power” through culture and lifestyle. The video features a wide range of Chinese people----including celebrities and lots of ordinary, smiling Chines. With the video, China hopes to improve its image as a prosperous, developing, democratic and progressive nation.

92.One of the hottest buzzwords in China right now is “tuhao”, a term referring to rich people of little education and poor taste. This is another example of Chinese Internet users applying their wisdom and creativity to an aged phrase to give it a new life. The term used to mean rich and powerful landlords who exploited peasants. But a few years ago when Chinese players of the computer game “World of Warcraft” adapted this term to refer to rich players who spend big money on powerful virtual weapons,its meaning changed significantly. Now, this term has been introduced into daily conversation.

93.The consumption boom peaks during the Spring Festival. More and more people go out to have their reunion dinners in restaurants, many of which have been booked to capacity several months in advance. Jewelry shops and clothing shops also have a roaring trade. The Spring Festival is also a prime time for entertainment. Box office receipts during last Spring Festival Golden Week amounted to RMB 480 million. Younger citizens enjoy going on tours during this vacation. As a result, the scenic spots are packed with overcrowded tourists,although admission fees and prices of food and accommodations are soaring.

94.A new transnational highway opened not long ago. The highway connects Chongzuo city in Guangxi Province and Ha Long city in Vietnam with a length of 400 kilometers. It shortens bus travel time between the two cities to 7.5 hours. Both the tourism industries in the two cities enjoy a bright prospect for development. Chongzuo attracts a great number of tourists with its beautiful transnational waterfalls and charming ethnic culture, while Ha Long is next to Ha Long Bay, a famous tourist attraction in Vietnam. The highway is expected to boost the development of the tourism industries in the two countries.

95.A ban on smoking in public places has come into force in China. The move is aimed at curbing the number of deaths from smoking-related diseases and protecting the health of other nonsmoking people. But the ban has been questioned on its effectiveness because it doesn’t specify any penalty for those violating the rules. The number fo smokers in China stands at around 300 million. Many businesses don’t welcome the ban because of the complaints about such rules from their customers who smoke. The ban prohibits smoking in public places such as hotels, restaurants, theatres and waiting rooms at railway stations, but not in the workplace.

96.China’s migrant workers are farmers from the countryside looking for jobs in the cities. They power the country’s fast-growing economy by working in construction sites, factories, restaurants and home services industry. There were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year. The huge group often faces various problems such as pay arrears and has been improving migrant worker’s rights.

97.The Silk Road is a trade route in ancient China. It started from the ancient capital Chang’an that was the center of politics, economy and culture in ancient China, and stretched all the way to Central Asia, North Africa and Europe. Its original function was to export the silk produced in China. As time went by, the Silk Road gradually became a main road connecting the East and the West, promoting the economic and cultural exchanges between the two parties. Later, some experts call all the trade routes between China and the West “the Silk Road”.

98.Smart phone increasingly penetrates into people’s lives. It seems that many young people can’t live a moment without it. In the streets, we can often see that young people are busy taking pictures and typing some information on their smart phones, before posting them on their microblogs or WeChat. Indeed, smart phones provide great convenience for people by letting them interact with friends anywhere anytime and share something new. However, some scholars concerned express concern towards it. Smart phones are driving their users away from people around them.

99.The Double Ninth Festival in China has a long history. It is widely believed that the festival came from the activities of “warding off evil” on that day, including climbing hills, appreciating chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemums wine. Over time it became a day of celebration. On this day, people come together for family reunion and remember their ancestors. In 1989, the Chinese government made this day Seniors’ Day to show our respect and love to the elder people. This festival, therefore, continues to play a role in carrying on culture in the new era.

100.As a Chinese saying goes, “ No visit to Beijing is complete if you miss seeing the Great Wall or dining on Beijing Roast Duck”.With a history of over 1600 years, Roast Duck is the local flavor of Beijing. For those who want to learn more about Chinese dishes, cultures and customs, it is really a good choice Beijing Roast Duck is characterized by it crisp skin and tender meat. The most well-known centuries-old Roast Duck restaurant in Beijing is Quanjude. Set up in 1864, it is much loved by heads of state, government officials and tourists from home and abroad.

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